महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-288, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
सत्यं क्षमां दमं प्रज्ञां प्रशंसन्ति पितामह ।
विद्वांसो मनुजा लोके कथमेतन्मतं तव ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
satyaṁ kṣamāṁ damaṁ prajñāṁ praśaṁsanti pitāmaha ,
vidvāṁso manujā loke kathametanmataṁ tava.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca satyam kṣamām damam prajñām praśaṃsanti
pitāmaha vidvāṃsaḥ manujāḥ loke katham etat matam tava

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha loke vidvāṃsaḥ manujāḥ satyam
kṣamām damam prajñām praśaṃsanti katham tava etat matam

1. Yudhishthira said: O Grandsire, wise people in the world praise truth, patience, self-control, and wisdom. What is your opinion on this matter?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

• क्षमाम् (kṣamām) - patience, forgiveness, endurance

• दमम् (damam) - self-control, restraint

• प्रज्ञाम् (prajñām) - wisdom, understanding, insight

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, they commend

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Bhishma (O Grandsire, O Grandfather)

• विद्वांसः (vidvāṁsaḥ) - wise ones, learned men

• मनुजाः (manujāḥ) - men, humans

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• कथम् (katham) - What is your opinion on this? (implies 'how is this your view?') (how, in what manner, why)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the mentioned qualities) (this, this one)

• मतम् (matam) - opinion, view, doctrine

• तव (tava) - your, of you

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name of the eldest Pandava)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative case of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

Root vac, class 2, perfect tense, parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality; true, real

From sat (being, existence).

Note: Object of praśaṃsanti.

क्षमाम् (kṣamām) - patience, forgiveness, endurance

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - patience, forgiveness, endurance, earth

From root kṣam (to be patient, endure).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Object of praśaṃsanti.

दमम् (damam) - self-control, restraint

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subduing

From root dam (to tame, control).

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Object of praśaṃsanti.

प्रज्ञाम् (prajñām) - wisdom, understanding, insight

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, understanding, intelligence, insight

From pra-jñā (to know well).

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of praśaṃsanti.

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, they commend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Present active third person plural

Root śaṃs, class 1, present tense, parasmaipada. With prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Subject is vidvāṃsaḥ manujāḥ.

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Bhishma (O Grandsire, O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, grandsire; Brahma (as creator)

विद्वांसः (vidvāṁsaḥ) - wise ones, learned men

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidvās

vidvās - wise, learned; a wise man

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from root vid (to know). Irregular strong stem.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with manujāḥ. Functions as a noun here.

मनुजाः (manujāḥ) - men, humans

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manuja

manuja - man, human being

Born of Manu.

Note: Subject of praśaṃsanti.

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm

कथम् (katham) - What is your opinion on this? (implies 'how is this your view?') (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the mentioned qualities) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, here

Note: Agrees with matam.

मतम् (matam) - opinion, view, doctrine

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - opinion, view, doctrine; thought, understood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root man (to think, believe) with suffix -ta.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Used as a noun here.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Possessive pronoun for 'matam'.