महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-288, verse-41

साध्या ऊचुः ।
कः स्विदेको रमते ब्राह्मणानां कः स्विदेको बहुभिर्जोषमास्ते ।
कः स्विदेको बलवान्दुर्बलोऽपि कः स्विदेषां कलहं नान्ववैति ॥४१॥

41. sādhyā ūcuḥ ,
kaḥ svideko ramate brāhmaṇānāṁ; kaḥ svideko bahubhirjoṣamāste ,
kaḥ svideko balavāndurbalo'pi; kaḥ svideṣāṁ kalahaṁ nānvavaiti.

41. sādhyāḥ ūcuḥ kaḥ svit ekaḥ ramate
brāhmaṇānām kaḥ svit ekaḥ bahubhiḥ joṣam
āste kaḥ svit ekaḥ balavān durbalaḥ
api kaḥ svit eṣām kalaham na anvavaiti

41. sādhyāḥ ūcuḥ kaḥ svit ekaḥ ramate
brāhmaṇānām kaḥ svit ekaḥ bahubhiḥ joṣam
āste kaḥ svit ekaḥ balavān durbalaḥ
api kaḥ svit eṣām kalaham na anvavaiti

41. The Sadhyas asked: "Who among the Brahmins delights alone? Who, being one, enjoys the company of many? Who is strong even though weak? And who among them does not comprehend conflict?"

Words meanings summery:

• साध्याः (sādhyāḥ) - The Sadhyas (speakers) (Sadhyas (a class of celestial beings))

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said (said, spoke)

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed (indeed, perhaps, whether)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone (one, alone, single)

• रमते (ramate) - delights (delights, rejoices, plays)

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - among the Brahmins (of the Brahmins, among the Brahmins)

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed (indeed, perhaps, whether)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone (one, alone, single)

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many (by many, with many)

• जोषम् (joṣam) - pleasure (as an adverbial accusative) (pleasure, enjoyment; with pleasure, gladly)

• आस्ते (āste) - enjoys (in conjunction with 'joṣam') (sits, stays, is present; enjoys)

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed (indeed, perhaps, whether)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone (one, alone, single)

• बलवान् (balavān) - strong (strong, powerful)

• दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak (weak, feeble)

• अपि (api) - though (also, even, though)

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed (indeed, perhaps, whether)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - among these (referring to the Brahmins) (of these, among these)

• कलहम् (kalaham) - conflict (quarrel, dispute, conflict)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अन्ववैति (anvavaiti) - comprehends (comprehends, understands, follows)

Words meanings and morphology

साध्याः (sādhyāḥ) - The Sadhyas (speakers) (Sadhyas (a class of celestial beings))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhya

sādhya - to be accomplished, to be effected; a class of celestial beings

Gerundive/Past Passive Participle

from √sādh (to accomplish) + -ya

Root: sādh (class 5)

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect, 3rd person, plural, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

स्वित् (svit) - indeed (indeed, perhaps, whether)

(indeclinable)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone (one, alone, single)

(numeral)

Note: Also functions as an adjective.

रमते (ramate) - delights (delights, rejoices, plays)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of ram

present middle

Present, 3rd person, singular, middle voice

Root: ram (class 1)

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - among the Brahmins (of the Brahmins, among the Brahmins)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a priest, one belonging to the priestly class

Derivative of 'Brahman'

Note: Can express 'among'.

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

स्वित् (svit) - indeed (indeed, perhaps, whether)

(indeclinable)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone (one, alone, single)

(numeral)

Note: Also functions as an adjective.

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many (by many, with many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Refers to persons.

जोषम् (joṣam) - pleasure (as an adverbial accusative) (pleasure, enjoyment; with pleasure, gladly)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of joṣa

joṣa - pleasure, satisfaction, enjoyment, delight

from √juṣ (to please, enjoy)

Root: juṣ (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

आस्ते (āste) - enjoys (in conjunction with 'joṣam') (sits, stays, is present; enjoys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of ās

present middle

Present, 3rd person, singular, middle voice

Root: ās (class 2)

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

स्वित् (svit) - indeed (indeed, perhaps, whether)

(indeclinable)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone (one, alone, single)

(numeral)

Note: Also functions as an adjective.

बलवान् (balavān) - strong (strong, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty

from 'bala' (strength) + possessive suffix '-vat'

दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak (weak, feeble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, infirm

from 'dur' (bad, difficult) + 'bala' (strength)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+bala)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

अपि (api) - though (also, even, though)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often indicates concession.

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

स्वित् (svit) - indeed (indeed, perhaps, whether)

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - among these (referring to the Brahmins) (of these, among these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Can also be neuter or feminine, here referring to masculine 'Brāhmaṇas'.

कलहम् (kalaham) - conflict (quarrel, dispute, conflict)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kalaha

kalaha - quarrel, dispute, contention, conflict

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अन्ववैति (anvavaiti) - comprehends (comprehends, understands, follows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of anu-ava-i

present active

Present, 3rd person, singular, active voice

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Root 'i' (to go) with prefixes.