महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-288, verse-10

परश्चेदेनमतिवादबाणैर्भृशं विध्येच्छम एवेह कार्यः ।
संरोष्यमाणः प्रतिमृष्यते यः स आदत्ते सुकृतं वै परस्य ॥१०॥

10. paraścedenamativādabāṇai;rbhṛśaṁ vidhyecchama eveha kāryaḥ ,
saṁroṣyamāṇaḥ pratimṛṣyate yaḥ; sa ādatte sukṛtaṁ vai parasya.

10. paraḥ cet enam ativādabāṇaiḥ
bhṛśam vidhyet kṣamaḥ eva iha kāryaḥ
saṃroṣyamāṇaḥ pratimṛṣyate
yaḥ saḥ ādatte sukṛtam vai parasya

10. cet paraḥ enam ativādabāṇaiḥ
bhṛśam vidhyet iha kṣamaḥ eva kāryaḥ
yaḥ saṃroṣyamāṇaḥ pratimṛṣyate
saḥ parasya sukṛtam vai ādatte

10. If another person pierces him fiercely with arrows of excessive speech (abusive words), then only forbearance (kṣama) should be practiced here. Indeed, he who, though being reviled, forgives, that person certainly takes the spiritual merit (sukṛta) of the other.

Words meanings summery:

• परः (paraḥ) - another person (another, a foe, an enemy)

• चेत् (cet) - if (if, when)

• एनम् (enam) - him (the person being addressed) (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

• अतिवादबाणैः (ativādabāṇaiḥ) - with arrows of abusive words (with arrows of excessive speech/abuse)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - fiercely (fiercely, greatly, very much)

• विध्येत् (vidhyet) - pierces (optative used in conditional clause) (should pierce, should strike)

• क्षमः (kṣamaḥ) - forbearance (forbearance, patience, capable, enduring)

• एव (eva) - only (only, indeed, just)

• इह (iha) - here (in this situation) (here, in this world, in this case)

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be practiced (to be done, should be done, duty, action)

• संरोष्यमाणः (saṁroṣyamāṇaḥ) - though being reviled (being reviled, being enraged, being insulted)

• प्रतिमृष्यते (pratimṛṣyate) - forgives (he forgives, he bears, he endures in return)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which (masculine nominative singular))

• सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• आदत्ते (ādatte) - takes (he takes, he receives)

• सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - spiritual merit (sukṛta) (good deed, virtuous act, spiritual merit (sukṛta))

• वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

• परस्य (parasya) - of the other (of another, another's)

Words meanings and morphology

परः (paraḥ) - another person (another, a foe, an enemy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant, ultimate

Note: Used as a substantive, 'another person'.

चेत् (cet) - if (if, when)

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (the person being addressed) (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

अतिवादबाणैः (ativādabāṇaiḥ) - with arrows of abusive words (with arrows of excessive speech/abuse)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ativādabāṇa

ativādabāṇa - arrow of excessive speech, arrow of abuse

Compound of 'ativāda' (excessive speech, abuse) and 'bāṇa' (arrow).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ativāda+bāṇa)

• ativāda – excessive speech, abuse, reproach
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ati' (excessive) + 'vāda' (speech, speaking).
  Prefix: ati
  Root: vad (class 1)
• bāṇa – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - fiercely (fiercely, greatly, very much)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

विध्येत् (vidhyet) - pierces (optative used in conditional clause) (should pierce, should strike)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vyadh

Optative

3rd person singular optative active of √vyadh (Pāṇini 4th class).

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Used to express a hypothetical condition.

क्षमः (kṣamaḥ) - forbearance (forbearance, patience, capable, enduring)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣama

kṣama - forbearance, patience, enduring, able, suitable

From root √kṣam (to be patient, endure).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the virtue of forbearance (kṣama).

एव (eva) - only (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

इह (iha) - here (in this situation) (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be practiced (to be done, should be done, duty, action)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, fit to be done, duty, business

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Gerundive of √kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `kṣamaḥ`.

संरोष्यमाणः (saṁroṣyamāṇaḥ) - though being reviled (being reviled, being enraged, being insulted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃroṣyamāṇa

saṁroṣyamāṇa - being reviled, being enraged, being insulted

Present Passive Participle

Present passive participle (middle voice) of √ruṣ (to be angry) with upasarga sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

Note: Used as a substantive, 'one who is being reviled'.

प्रतिमृष्यते (pratimṛṣyate) - forgives (he forgives, he bears, he endures in return)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of mṛṣ

Present Middle

3rd person singular present middle of √mṛṣ (Pāṇini 4th class) with upasarga prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: `prati` implies 'in return' or 'against', hence 'forgives' or 'bears in return'.

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun.

सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to `yaḥ`.

आदत्ते (ādatte) - takes (he takes, he receives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of dā

Present Middle

3rd person singular present middle of √dā (Pāṇini 3rd class) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: With `ā`, it means to take, accept.

सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - spiritual merit (sukṛta) (good deed, virtuous act, spiritual merit (sukṛta))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - good deed, virtuous act, spiritual merit, well-done

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'su' (good, well) and 'kṛta' (done, deed). Past passive participle of √kṛ.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, deed, act
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Original word in brackets in translation: (sukṛta).

वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

परस्य (parasya) - of the other (of another, another's)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant, ultimate

Note: Used as a substantive, 'of another person'.