महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-250, verse-20

पुनर्गत्वा ततो राजन्मौनमातिष्ठदुत्तमम् ।
अप्सु वर्षसहस्राणि सप्त चैकं च पार्थिव ॥२०॥

20. punargatvā tato rājanmaunamātiṣṭhaduttamam ,
apsu varṣasahasrāṇi sapta caikaṁ ca pārthiva.

20. punaḥ gatvā tatas rājan maunam ātiṣṭhat uttamam
apsu varṣa-sahasrāṇi sapta ca ekam ca pārthiva

20. rājan sā tatas punaḥ gatvā uttamam maunam ātiṣṭhat pārthiva
ca apsu sapta ca ekam ca varṣa-sahasrāṇi (ātiṣṭhat)

20. Again, having gone from that place, O King, she observed an excellent vow of silence. And, O Prince, she remained in the waters for seven and one — totalling eight — thousands of years.

Words meanings summery:

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• ततस् (tatas) - from that previous location/state (from there, then, thereafter)

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed by the narrator. (O king)

• मौनम् (maunam) - silence, the vow of silence

• आतिष्ठत् (ātiṣṭhat) - she undertook/observed (a vow) (she stood, she undertook, she observed)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, supreme, best

• अप्सु (apsu) - in the waters

• वर्ष-सहस्राणि (varṣa-sahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• च (ca) - and, also

• एकम् (ekam) - one (thousand years) (one)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - Addressed by the narrator. (O ruler, O king, O earthly lord)

Words meanings and morphology

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

(indeclinable)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root gam (class 1, bhvādi) with suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes an action completed before the main verb.

ततस् (tatas) - from that previous location/state (from there, then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the previous context or place.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed by the narrator. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: 'n-stem' noun.

मौनम् (maunam) - silence, the vow of silence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mauna

mauna - silence, taciturnity, the vow of silence

Derived from muni (sage).

Note: Object of `ātiṣṭhat`.

आतिष्ठत् (ātiṣṭhat) - she undertook/observed (a vow) (she stood, she undertook, she observed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ā-sthā

Imperfect 3rd Person Singular Active Voice

From root sthā (class 1, bhvādi) with prefix ā- and imperfect tense endings.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied `sā` (she).

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, supreme, best

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Superlative of ud (up).

Note: Qualifies `maunam`.

अप्सु (apsu) - in the waters

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Note: Locative of place.

वर्ष-सहस्राणि (varṣa-sahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound: varṣa (year) + sahasra (thousand).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Denotes duration, takes accusative.

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral)

Note: Modifies `varṣasahasrāṇi`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एकम् (ekam) - one (thousand years) (one)

(numeral)

Note: Modifies implied `sahasram` or `varṣasahasram`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - Addressed by the narrator. (O ruler, O king, O earthly lord)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth, earthly, prince, king, ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth).

Note: Similar to `rājan`.