महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-212, verse-7

धातवः पञ्चशाखोऽयं खं वायुर्ज्योतिरम्बु भूः ।
ते स्वभावेन तिष्ठन्ति वियुज्यन्ते स्वभावतः ॥७॥

7. dhātavaḥ pañcaśākho'yaṁ khaṁ vāyurjyotirambu bhūḥ ,
te svabhāvena tiṣṭhanti viyujyante svabhāvataḥ.

7. dhātavaḥ pañcaśākhaḥ ayam kham vāyuḥ jyotiḥ ambu
bhūḥ te svabhāvena tiṣṭhanti viyujyante svabhāvataḥ

7. ayam pañcaśākhaḥ dhātavaḥ kham vāyuḥ jyotiḥ ambu
bhūḥ te svabhāvena tiṣṭhanti svabhāvataḥ viyujyante

7. These (ayam) are the five-branched (pañcaśākhaḥ) fundamental elements (dhātavaḥ): space (kham), air (vāyuḥ), light (jyotiḥ), water (ambu), and earth (bhūḥ). They (te) exist (tiṣṭhanti) according to their own intrinsic nature (svabhāvena) and separate (viyujyante) by their intrinsic nature (svabhāvataḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• धातवः (dhātavaḥ) - the fundamental material elements (of the universe) (elements, constituents, roots, minerals)

• पञ्चशाखः (pañcaśākhaḥ) - referring to the five categories or aspects of these elements (five-branched, having five divisions)

• अयम् (ayam) - these (referring to the subsequently listed elements) (this, this one)

• खम् (kham) - the element of space (ākāśa) (space, ether, sky)

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - the element of air (air, wind, breath)

• ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - the element of fire/light (tejas) (light, fire, radiance)

• अम्बु (ambu) - the element of water (apas) (water)

• भूः (bhūḥ) - the element of earth (pṛthivī) (earth, land)

• ते (te) - these elements (kham, vāyuḥ, jyotiḥ, ambu, bhūḥ) (they)

• स्वभावेन (svabhāvena) - by their own fundamental essence or property (by intrinsic nature, by inherent disposition)

• तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - they maintain their existence or state (they stand, they exist, they remain)

• वियुज्यन्ते (viyujyante) - they become separate or dissolve into their constituent parts (they are separated, they are disjoined)

• स्वभावतः (svabhāvataḥ) - due to their inherent qualities or fundamental nature (by nature, naturally, from intrinsic nature)

Words meanings and morphology

धातवः (dhātavaḥ) - the fundamental material elements (of the universe) (elements, constituents, roots, minerals)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhātu

dhātu - element, constituent, root (of a word), mineral, essential ingredient

Derived from the root 'dhā' (to place, hold, create).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'are'.

पञ्चशाखः (pañcaśākhaḥ) - referring to the five categories or aspects of these elements (five-branched, having five divisions)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcaśākha

pañcaśākha - five-branched, having five divisions or aspects

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'pañcan' (five) and 'śākha' (branch).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+śākha)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• śākha – branch, division, ramification, school (of thought)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śākh

Note: Grammatically singular, but refers to the plural concept of 'dhātavaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - these (referring to the subsequently listed elements) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Points to 'dhātavaḥ'.

खम् (kham) - the element of space (ākāśa) (space, ether, sky)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - space, ether, sky, empty space, aperture

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - the element of air (air, wind, breath)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - air, wind, breath, a deity (Vayu)

Derived from the root 'vā' (to blow).

Root: vā (class 2)

ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - the element of fire/light (tejas) (light, fire, radiance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jyotis

jyotis - light, radiance, fire, star, lumen

Derived from the root 'jyut' (to shine).

Root: jyut (class 1)

अम्बु (ambu) - the element of water (apas) (water)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ambu

ambu - water, liquid

भूः (bhūḥ) - the element of earth (pṛthivī) (earth, land)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, land, ground, existence, becoming

Derived from the root 'bhū' (to be, exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

ते (te) - these elements (kham, vāyuḥ, jyotiḥ, ambu, bhūḥ) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

स्वभावेन (svabhāvena) - by their own fundamental essence or property (by intrinsic nature, by inherent disposition)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svabhāva

svabhāva - intrinsic nature, inherent disposition, self-existence (svabhāva), essential quality

Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'bhāva' (existence, nature).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+bhāva)

• sva – own, self, one's own
  pronoun
• bhāva – being, existence, state, nature, sentiment
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'bhū' (to be, exist).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or cause.

तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - they maintain their existence or state (they stand, they exist, they remain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present Tense, Indicative Mood

3rd person plural, present active of the root 'sthā'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

वियुज्यन्ते (viyujyante) - they become separate or dissolve into their constituent parts (they are separated, they are disjoined)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vi-yuj

Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle Voice (often passive sense)

3rd person plural, present middle of the root 'yuj' (to join) with prefix 'vi-' (apart).

Prefix: vi

Root: yuj (class 7)

स्वभावतः (svabhāvataḥ) - due to their inherent qualities or fundamental nature (by nature, naturally, from intrinsic nature)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'svabhāva' (intrinsic nature) with the suffix '-tas'.