महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-212, verse-38

यद्यदागमसंयुक्तं न कृत्स्नमुपशाम्यति ।
अथ तत्राप्युपादत्ते तमो व्यक्तमिवानृतम् ॥३८॥

38. yadyadāgamasaṁyuktaṁ na kṛtsnamupaśāmyati ,
atha tatrāpyupādatte tamo vyaktamivānṛtam.

38. yat yat āgama saṃyuktam na kṛtsnam upaśāmyati
atha tatra api upādatte tamaḥ vyaktam iva anṛtam

38. yat yat āgama saṃyuktam na kṛtsnam upaśāmyati
atha tatra api tamaḥ upādatte vyaktam iva anṛtam

38. When whatever is associated with scriptural tradition does not entirely bring peace, then even in that state, one grasps darkness (tamas), which manifests as if it were untruth.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever)

• आगम (āgama) - scriptural tradition, sacred text

• संयुक्तम् (saṁyuktam) - associated with, based on (joined with, connected with, associated with)

• न (na) - not

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entirely, completely (entire, whole, completely)

• उपशाम्यति (upaśāmyati) - brings peace, pacifies, resolves (ceases, subsides, becomes pacified)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• तत्र (tatra) - in that state/situation (there, in that place/matter)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• उपादत्ते (upādatte) - grasps, assumes (takes, takes hold of, assumes, appropriates)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, ignorance, inertia)

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - manifesting itself, becoming apparent (manifest, apparent, distinct)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, lie

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, whatever

Note: Refers to the implied 'that thing/matter'.

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, whatever

Note: Refers to the implied 'that thing/matter'.

आगम (āgama) - scriptural tradition, sacred text

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgama

āgama - tradition, sacred text, coming, arrival

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 0)

Note: Part of compound āgama saṃyuktam.

संयुक्तम् (saṁyuktam) - associated with, based on (joined with, connected with, associated with)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃyukta

saṁyukta - joined, connected, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

from sam-yuj, 'to join together'

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 0)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of the first clause.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates upaśāmyati.

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entirely, completely (entire, whole, completely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbially modifies upaśāmyati.

उपशाम्यति (upaśāmyati) - brings peace, pacifies, resolves (ceases, subsides, becomes pacified)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upaśam

present indicative

from upa-śam, 'to become calm, cease'

Prefix: upa

Root: śam (class 0)

Note: Subject is the implied 'matter' or 'situation'.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the consequence.

तत्र (tatra) - in that state/situation (there, in that place/matter)

(indeclinable)

from pronominal root tad

Note: Adverbial locative.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

उपादत्ते (upādatte) - grasps, assumes (takes, takes hold of, assumes, appropriates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upā-dā

present indicative

from upa-ā-dā, 'to take up, appropriate'

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dā (class 0)

Note: Implied subject is 'one' (the person who doesn't achieve full cessation).

तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, ignorance, inertia)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, the quality of inertia (tamas)

Note: Object of upādatte.

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - manifesting itself, becoming apparent (manifest, apparent, distinct)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vyakta

vyakta - manifest, apparent, distinct, explicit

Past Passive Participle

from vi-añj, 'to manifest, make clear'

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 0)

Note: Predicate adjective to tamaḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, lie

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+ṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• ṛta – truth, order, right, proper
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of comparison with iva.