महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-212, verse-49

home » Scriptures Library » Mahabharata

View complete chapter

द्रुमं यथा वाप्युदके पतन्तमुत्सृज्य पक्षी प्रपतत्यसक्तः ।
तथा ह्यसौ सुखदुःखे विहाय मुक्तः परार्ध्यां गतिमेत्यलिङ्गः ॥४९॥

49. drumaṁ yathā vāpyudake patanta;mutsṛjya pakṣī prapatatyasaktaḥ ,
tathā hyasau sukhaduḥkhe vihāya; muktaḥ parārdhyāṁ gatimetyaliṅgaḥ.

49. drumam yathā vā api udake patantam
utsṛjya pakṣī prapatati asaktaḥ
tathā hi asau sukhaduḥkhe vihāya
muktaḥ parārghyām gatim eti aliṅgaḥ

49. yathā pakṣī udake patantam drumam vā api utsṛjya asaktaḥ prapatati,
tathā hi asau muktaḥ sukhaduḥkhe vihāya,
aliṅgaḥ (san) parārghyām gatim eti.

49. Just as a bird, abandoning a tree that is falling into water, flies away unattached, similarly, that liberated one (muktaḥ), indeed, having given up both pleasure and pain, attains the supreme state, being without any distinguishing characteristics (aliṅga).

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

द्रुमम् (drumam) - tree

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

उदके (udake) - in water

पतन्तम् (patantam) - falling, collapsing

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having left, having discarded

पक्षी (pakṣī) - bird

प्रपतति (prapatati) - flies away (flies away, falls forward)

असक्तः (asaktaḥ) - unattached (unattached, detached, free from clinging)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (so, thus, similarly)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

असौ (asau) - that one (referring to the liberated one) (that one, he, she, it)

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - both pleasure and pain (pleasure and pain, happiness and suffering)

विहाय (vihāya) - having given up (having abandoned, having left)

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (muktaḥ) (liberated, released, free)

परार्घ्याम् (parārghyām) - supreme (most excellent, supreme, highest)

गतिम् (gatim) - state (state, destination, path, course)

एति (eti) - attains (attains, goes to, reaches)

अलिङ्गः (aliṅgaḥ) - without any distinguishing characteristics (aliṅga) (without attributes, without marks, unconditioned)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रुमम् (drumam) - tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree, forest

Note: Direct object of 'utsṛjya'.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

उदके (udake) - in water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

Note: Location where the tree is falling.

पतन्तम् (patantam) - falling, collapsing

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patant

patant - falling, flying, moving

present active participle

Derived from root 'pat' (1st class) with suffix -śatṛ.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'drumam'.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having left, having discarded

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'sṛj' (6th class) with prefix 'ut' and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Action performed by the bird before flying away.

पक्षी (pakṣī) - bird

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

Note: Subject of the simile.

प्रपतति (prapatati) - flies away (flies away, falls forward)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of pat

present active

3rd person singular, present indicative, active voice from root 'pat' (1st class) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Main action of the bird.

असक्तः (asaktaḥ) - unattached (unattached, detached, free from clinging)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asakta

asakta - unattached, detached, free from clinging, unhindered

past passive participle

Derived from root 'sañj' (7th class) with negative prefix 'a-' and suffix -kta.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sakta)

a – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative prefix.
sakta – attached, clinging, devoted
participle (masculine)
past passive participle
From root 'sañj' (to cling, to attach).
Root: sañj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'pakṣī' and implicitly 'muktaḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (so, thus, similarly)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

असौ (asau) - that one (referring to the liberated one) (that one, he, she, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, he, she, it (referring to something distant or previously mentioned)

Note: Refers to the 'vimuktaḥ' mentioned in the previous verse.

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - both pleasure and pain (pleasure and pain, happiness and suffering)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - pleasure and pain, happiness and suffering

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

sukha – pleasure, happiness, ease
noun (neuter)
duḥkha – pain, suffering, misery
noun (neuter)

Note: Direct object of 'vihāya'.

विहाय (vihāya) - having given up (having abandoned, having left)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'hā' (3rd class, juhotyādi) with prefix 'vi' and suffix -ya.

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (muktaḥ) (liberated, released, free)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - liberated, released, free, delivered

past passive participle

Derived from root 'muc' (6th class) with suffix -kta.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'asau'.

परार्घ्याम् (parārghyām) - supreme (most excellent, supreme, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parārghya

parārghya - most excellent, supreme, precious, valuable

From 'para' (supreme) and 'arghya' (valuable).

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+arghya)

para – supreme, highest, other
adjective (masculine)
arghya – valuable, precious, worthy of honor
adjective (masculine)
gerundive
From root 'arh' (to be worthy) + -ya.
Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'gatim'.

गतिम् (gatim) - state (state, destination, path, course)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, state, condition, destination

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'eti'.

एति (eti) - attains (attains, goes to, reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of i

present active

3rd person singular, present indicative, active voice from root 'i' (2nd class, adādi).