महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-212, verse-51

इदममृतपदं विदेहराजः स्वयमिह पञ्चशिखेन भाष्यमाणः ।
निखिलमभिसमीक्ष्य निश्चितार्थं परमसुखी विजहार वीतशोकः ॥५१॥

51. idamamṛtapadaṁ videharājaḥ; svayamiha pañcaśikhena bhāṣyamāṇaḥ ,
nikhilamabhisamīkṣya niścitārthaṁ; paramasukhī vijahāra vītaśokaḥ.

51. idam amṛtapadam videharājaḥ svayam
iha pañcaśikhena bhāṣyamāṇaḥ
nikhilam abhisamīkṣya niścitārtham
paramasukhī vijahāra vītaśokaḥ

51. iha pañcaśikhena bhāṣyamāṇaḥ videharājaḥ svayam idam amṛtapadam (ca) nikhilam niścitārtham abhisamīkṣya,
vītaśokaḥ paramasukhī vijahāra.

51. Having personally heard and thoroughly grasped the certain truth of this entire path to immortality (amṛtapadam) as it was being expounded here by Pañcaśikha, the King of Videha (videharājaḥ) himself lived supremely happy and free from sorrow (vītaśokaḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this (path) (this)

• अमृतपदम् (amṛtapadam) - path to immortality (amṛtapadam) (the state of immortality, the path to liberation, the immortal abode)

• विदेहराजः (videharājaḥ) - the King of Videha (videharājaḥ) (King of Videha, King Janaka)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - personally (by oneself, personally, automatically)

• इह (iha) - here (in this context of teaching) (here, in this world, in this matter)

• पञ्चशिखेन (pañcaśikhena) - by Pañcaśikha (by Pañcaśikha (a sage))

• भाष्यमाणः (bhāṣyamāṇaḥ) - as it was being expounded (being spoken, being explained, being taught)

• निखिलम् (nikhilam) - the entire (path) (all, entire, whole)

• अभिसमीक्ष्य (abhisamīkṣya) - having thoroughly grasped (having thoroughly examined, having comprehended, having understood)

• निश्चितार्थम् (niścitārtham) - the certain truth (whose meaning is certain, having an ascertained purpose/truth)

• परमसुखी (paramasukhī) - supremely happy (supremely happy, most blissful)

• विजहार (vijahāra) - lived (lived, resided, delighted, disported himself)

• वीतशोकः (vītaśokaḥ) - free from sorrow (vītaśokaḥ) (free from sorrow, griefless, dispelled grief)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this (path) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one (neuter)

Note: Refers to the statement made.

अमृतपदम् (amṛtapadam) - path to immortality (amṛtapadam) (the state of immortality, the path to liberation, the immortal abode)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amṛtapadá

amṛtapadá - state of immortality, immortal abode, path to liberation

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (amṛta+pada)

• amṛta – immortal, nectar
  adjective (neuter)
• pada – foot, step, state, position, word
  noun (neuter)

Note: Direct object of 'abhisamīkṣya'.

विदेहराजः (videharājaḥ) - the King of Videha (videharājaḥ) (King of Videha, King Janaka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of videharāja

videharāja - King of Videha, (specifically) King Janaka

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (videha+rāja)

• videha – Videha (name of a country and dynasty), bodiless
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स्वयम् (svayam) - personally (by oneself, personally, automatically)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here (in this context of teaching) (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the context of the teaching.

पञ्चशिखेन (pañcaśikhena) - by Pañcaśikha (by Pañcaśikha (a sage))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pañcaśikha

pañcaśikha - Pañcaśikha (name of a celebrated ancient sage, literally 'five-crested')

Bahuvrīhi compound, referring to a sage with five top-knots/locks of hair, or five branches of knowledge.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+śikha)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• śikha – tuft of hair, crest, top, point, branch (of knowledge)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of 'bhāṣyamāṇaḥ'.

भाष्यमाणः (bhāṣyamāṇaḥ) - as it was being expounded (being spoken, being explained, being taught)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāṣyamāṇa

bhāṣyamāṇa - being spoken, being explained, being said, being taught

present passive participle

Derived from root 'bhāṣ' (1st class) with suffix -śānac.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'videharājaḥ', indicating that he was receiving the teaching.

निखिलम् (nikhilam) - the entire (path) (all, entire, whole)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nikhila

nikhila - all, whole, entire, complete

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'ni' and 'khila'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (ni+khila)

• ni – down, into, complete
  prefix
• khila – vacant, empty, remainder
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'amṛtapadam' or an implied 'teaching'.

अभिसमीक्ष्य (abhisamīkṣya) - having thoroughly grasped (having thoroughly examined, having comprehended, having understood)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'īkṣ' (1st class) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'sam' and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Action performed by Janaka.

निश्चितार्थम् (niścitārtham) - the certain truth (whose meaning is certain, having an ascertained purpose/truth)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niścitārtha

niścitārtha - of ascertained meaning, having a certain purpose, whose object is fixed

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niścita+artha)

• niścita – ascertained, certain, determined
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root 'ci' (to gather, observe) with prefix 'nis'.
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ci (class 5)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'amṛtapadam' or 'nikhilam'.

परमसुखी (paramasukhī) - supremely happy (supremely happy, most blissful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramasukhin

paramasukhin - supremely happy, enjoying the highest pleasure

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'sukhin' (happy) qualified by 'parama' (supreme).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parama+sukhin)

• parama – highest, supreme, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)
• sukhin – happy, joyful, experiencing pleasure
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'sukha' (happiness) with suffix -in.

Note: Qualifies 'videharājaḥ'.

विजहार (vijahāra) - lived (lived, resided, delighted, disported himself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of vihṛ

perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect indicative, active voice from root 'hṛ' (1st class) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

वीतशोकः (vītaśokaḥ) - free from sorrow (vītaśokaḥ) (free from sorrow, griefless, dispelled grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vītaśoka

vītaśoka - free from sorrow, griefless, having dispelled grief

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'vīta' (gone, vanished) and 'śoka' (sorrow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vīta+śoka)

• vīta – gone, departed, vanished
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'videharājaḥ'.