महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-212, verse-37

यत्तमोपहतं चित्तमाशु संचारमध्रुवम् ।
करोत्युपरमं काले तदाहुस्तामसं सुखम् ॥३७॥

37. yattamopahataṁ cittamāśu saṁcāramadhruvam ,
karotyuparamaṁ kāle tadāhustāmasaṁ sukham.

37. yat tamaḥ upahatam cittam āśu saṃcāram adhruvam
karoti uparamam kāle tat āhuḥ tāmasam sukham

37. yat cittam tamaḥ upahatam āśu saṃcāram adhruvam
kāle uparamam karoti tat tāmasam sukham āhuḥ

37. When the mind (citta) is overcome by darkness (tamas), is swift in its movements, and is unsteady, and yet finds cessation over time, they call that pleasure (sukham) of the quality of inertia (tamas).

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - when (which, that which, when)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, ignorance, inertia)

• उपहतम् (upahatam) - overcome by (darkness/ignorance) (struck, afflicted, overcome)

• चित्तम् (cittam) - mind, consciousness, thought

• आशु (āśu) - swift, quick, quickly

• संचारम् (saṁcāram) - movements (movement, wandering, going about)

• अध्रुवम् (adhruvam) - unsteady, impermanent, not firm

• करोति (karoti) - finds, brings about (makes, does, performs, causes)

• उपरमम् (uparamam) - cessation (cessation, rest, tranquility, desistance)

• काले (kāle) - over time, eventually (in time, at the right time)

• तत् (tat) - that

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• तामसम् (tāmasam) - of the quality of inertia (tamas) (of darkness, of ignorance, pertaining to tamas)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, joy

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - when (which, that which, when)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Refers to cittam.

तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, ignorance, inertia)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, the quality of inertia (tamas)

Note: Part of compound tamopahatam.

उपहतम् (upahatam) - overcome by (darkness/ignorance) (struck, afflicted, overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upahata

upahata - struck, afflicted, damaged, overcome

Past Passive Participle

from upa-han, 'to strike, injure'

Prefix: upa

Root: han (class 0)

Note: Modifies cittam.

चित्तम् (cittam) - mind, consciousness, thought

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, consciousness, thought, heart

Note: Subject of karoti.

आशु (āśu) - swift, quick, quickly

(adjective)

singular of āśu

āśu - swift, quick, quickly

Note: Modifies saṃcāram.

संचारम् (saṁcāram) - movements (movement, wandering, going about)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃcāra

saṁcāra - movement, wandering, passage

Prefix: sam

Root: car (class 0)

Note: Predicate accusative modifying cittam.

अध्रुवम् (adhruvam) - unsteady, impermanent, not firm

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhruva

adhruva - unsteady, impermanent, not firm

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dhruva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• dhruva – fixed, firm, constant, permanent
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Predicate accusative modifying cittam.

करोति (karoti) - finds, brings about (makes, does, performs, causes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

present indicative

from root kṛ, 'to do, make'

Root: kṛ (class 0)

Note: Subject is cittam.

उपरमम् (uparamam) - cessation (cessation, rest, tranquility, desistance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uparama

uparama - cessation, rest, desistance

from upa-ram, 'to cease, to rest'

Prefix: upa

Root: ram (class 0)

Note: Object of karoti.

काले (kāle) - over time, eventually (in time, at the right time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of āhuḥ.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of brū

present indicative

from root brū, 'to speak' (used here as 3rd plural present of ah)

Root: ah (class 0)

Note: Implied subject is 'people' or 'sages'.

तामसम् (tāmasam) - of the quality of inertia (tamas) (of darkness, of ignorance, pertaining to tamas)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - dark, ignorant, pertaining to tamas

derived from tamas

Note: Modifies sukham.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, joy

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, joy

Note: Predicate accusative of āhuḥ.