महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-212, verse-13

तेषु कर्मनिसर्गश्च सर्वतत्त्वार्थनिश्चयः ।
तमाहुः परमं शुक्रं बुद्धिरित्यव्ययं महत् ॥१३॥

13. teṣu karmanisargaśca sarvatattvārthaniścayaḥ ,
tamāhuḥ paramaṁ śukraṁ buddhirityavyayaṁ mahat.

13. teṣu karmanisargaḥ ca sarvatattvārthaniścayaḥ |
tam āhuḥ paramam śukram buddhiḥ iti avyayam mahat

13. teṣu karmanisargaḥ ca sarvatattvārthaniścayaḥ (ca sthaḥ)
tam paramam śukram buddhiḥ iti avyayam mahat āhuḥ

13. Among these (qualities), there is the unfolding of action (karma) and the ascertainment of the meaning of all principles. They call that supreme, pure (essence) by the name of intellect (buddhi), which is imperishable and great.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - among these (qualities mentioned in the previous verse) (among them, in them)

• कर्मनिसर्गः (karmanisargaḥ) - the unfolding of action, the creation of action, the course of action

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• सर्वतत्त्वार्थनिश्चयः (sarvatattvārthaniścayaḥ) - the ascertainment of the meaning of all principles/truths

• तम् (tam) - that (entity referred to as buddhi) (him, that (accusative singular masculine))

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• शुक्रम् (śukram) - pure (essence) (pure, bright, white, brilliant; semen; essence)

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect (buddhi) (intellect, understanding, reason, perception)

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing a further description) (thus, so, in this manner, as)

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable (imperishable, immutable, undecaying, indeclinable)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important, noble)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - among these (qualities mentioned in the previous verse) (among them, in them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the qualities/senses from the previous verse.

कर्मनिसर्गः (karmanisargaḥ) - the unfolding of action, the creation of action, the course of action

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karmanisarga

karmanisarga - unfolding of action, creation of action

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karman+nisarga)

• karman – action (karma), deed, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• nisarga – creation, emission, natural course, giving up
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  From ni + sṛj
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Refers to the principle of action.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

सर्वतत्त्वार्थनिश्चयः (sarvatattvārthaniścayaḥ) - the ascertainment of the meaning of all principles/truths

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvatattvārthaniścaya

sarvatattvārthaniścaya - ascertainment of the meaning of all principles

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+tattva+artha+niścaya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• tattva – reality, truth, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• niścaya – ascertainment, certainty, firm conviction
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  From ni + ci
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ci (class 5)

तम् (tam) - that (entity referred to as buddhi) (him, that (accusative singular masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to 'buddhi', which is feminine, but the pronoun and adjectives are masculine, suggesting a conceptual reference.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lit) of ah

Perfect Tense

Irregular perfect form, also used as present tense in some contexts.

Root: ah (class 2)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate

Note: Agrees with `tam` (referring to `buddhi`).

शुक्रम् (śukram) - pure (essence) (pure, bright, white, brilliant; semen; essence)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śukra

śukra - pure, bright, white, brilliant; semen; essence

Note: Agrees with `tam` (referring to `buddhi`).

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect (buddhi) (intellect, understanding, reason, perception)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect (buddhi), understanding, reason, perception

verbal noun

From root budh + ti suffix

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: This is the name/identification for 'tam'.

इति (iti) - thus (introducing a further description) (thus, so, in this manner, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'buddhi' to the description 'avyayam mahat'.

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable (imperishable, immutable, undecaying, indeclinable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, immutable, undecaying, indeclinable

From a (negation) + vyaya (expenditure, decay)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vyaya – expenditure, decay, decline
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  From vi + i
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `mahat` and refers to `buddhi`. The neuter forms imply a conceptual reference to buddhi.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important, noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, noble

present active participle

From root mah, used as an adjective

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `avyayam` and refers to `buddhi`. The neuter forms imply a conceptual reference to buddhi.