महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-161, verse-48

सुचारुवर्णाक्षरशब्दभूषितां मनोनुगां निर्धुतवाक्यकण्टकाम् ।
निशम्य तां पार्थिव पार्थभाषितां गिरं नरेन्द्राः प्रशशंसुरेव ते ।
पुनश्च पप्रच्छ सरिद्वरासुतं ततः परं धर्ममहीनसत्त्वः ॥४८॥

48. sucāruvarṇākṣaraśabdabhūṣitāṁ; manonugāṁ nirdhutavākyakaṇṭakām ,
niśamya tāṁ pārthiva pārthabhāṣitāṁ; giraṁ narendrāḥ praśaśaṁsureva te ,
punaśca papraccha saridvarāsutaṁ; tataḥ paraṁ dharmamahīnasattvaḥ.

48. sucāruvarṇākṣaraśabdabhūṣitām manonugām
nirdhutavākyakaṇṭakām niśamya tām pārthiva pārthabhāṣitām
giram narendrāḥ praśaśaṃsuḥ eva te punaḥ ca papraccha
saridvarāsutam tataḥ param dharmam ahīnasattvaḥ

48. pārthiva,
pārthabhāṣitām sucāruvarṇākṣaraśabdabhūṣitām manonugām nirdhutavākyakaṇṭakām tām giram niśamya,
te narendrāḥ eva praśaśaṃsuḥ.
punaḥ ca ahīnasattvaḥ tataḥ param dharmam saridvarāsutam papraccha.

48. Having heard that speech, O King (Pārthiva), which was spoken by Arjuna (Pārtha), adorned with very beautiful letters, syllables, and words, agreeable to the mind, and free from any flaws in its statements, those kings indeed praised it. And again, Yudhiṣṭhira, the one of great fortitude, asked the son of the foremost river (Bhīṣma) about the supreme natural law (dharma) from that point onward.

Words meanings summery:

• सुचारुवर्णाक्षरशब्दभूषिताम् (sucāruvarṇākṣaraśabdabhūṣitām) - adorned with very beautiful letters, syllables, and words

• मनोनुगाम् (manonugām) - agreeable to the mind (mind-pleasing, agreeable to the mind)

• निर्धुतवाक्यकण्टकाम् (nirdhutavākyakaṇṭakām) - free from any flaws in its statements (free from flaws in its statements, having its speech-thorns shaken off)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard (having heard, having perceived)

• ताम् (tām) - that (speech) (that)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (vocative) (O King, relating to the earth/king)

• पार्थभाषिताम् (pārthabhāṣitām) - spoken by Arjuna (Pārtha)

• गिरम् (giram) - speech (speech, word, voice)

• नरेन्द्राः (narendrāḥ) - those kings (kings, lords of men)

• प्रशशंसुः (praśaśaṁsuḥ) - they praised it (they praised, they lauded)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only)

• ते (te) - those (kings) (they, those)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

• च (ca) - and

• पप्रछ्ह (paprachha) - asked (he asked, he questioned)

• सरिद्वरासुतम् (saridvarāsutam) - the son of the foremost river (Bhīṣma) (the son of the excellent river (Bhīṣma))

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that point onward (then, thence, afterwards)

• परम् (param) - further, next (in reference to dharma) (supreme, highest, next, after)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue)

• अहीनसत्त्वः (ahīnasattvaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the one of great fortitude (one of great essence/fortitude, undiminished power)

Words meanings and morphology

सुचारुवर्णाक्षरशब्दभूषिताम् (sucāruvarṇākṣaraśabdabhūṣitām) - adorned with very beautiful letters, syllables, and words

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sucāruvarṇākṣaraśabdabhūṣita

sucāruvarṇākṣaraśabdabhūṣita - adorned with very beautiful letters, syllables, and words

Past Passive Participle

Bahuvrīhi compound describing a gira (speech)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+cāru+varṇa+akṣara+śabda+bhūṣita)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• cāru – beautiful, lovely, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• varṇa – letter, color, class
  noun (masculine)
• akṣara – syllable, imperishable, letter
  noun (neuter)
• śabda – word, sound, speech
  noun (masculine)
• bhūṣita – adorned, decorated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhūṣ (to adorn) + suffix kta
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies giram.

मनोनुगाम् (manonugām) - agreeable to the mind (mind-pleasing, agreeable to the mind)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of manonuga

manonuga - agreeable to the mind, mind-pleasing

Compound manas + anuga

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manas+anuga)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
• anuga – following, accompanying, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)
  From anu (prefix) + root gam (to go)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies giram.

निर्धुतवाक्यकण्टकाम् (nirdhutavākyakaṇṭakām) - free from any flaws in its statements (free from flaws in its statements, having its speech-thorns shaken off)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nirdhutavākyakaṇṭaka

nirdhutavākyakaṇṭaka - having its speech-thorns removed, free from flaws in statements

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nir+dhuta+vākya+kaṇṭaka)

• nir – out, off, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix: nis
• dhuta – shaken off, removed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhū (to shake) + suffix kta
  Root: dhū (class 5)
• vākya – speech, sentence, statement
  noun (neuter)
  From root vac (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• kaṇṭaka – thorn, impediment, flaw
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies giram.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard (having heard, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From ni (prefix) + root śam (to hear, perceive) + suffix ya (absolutive)

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

ताम् (tām) - that (speech) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to giram.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (vocative) (O King, relating to the earth/king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, a king, prince

From pṛthivī (earth) + suffix a

Note: Addressed to the listener/reader.

पार्थभाषिताम् (pārthabhāṣitām) - spoken by Arjuna (Pārtha)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pārthabhāṣita

pārthabhāṣita - spoken by Pārtha

Past Passive Participle (in a compound)

Compound pārtha (Arjuna) + bhāṣita (spoken)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārtha+bhāṣita)

• pārtha – son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
  From Pṛthā + suffix a
• bhāṣita – spoken, said, speech
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhāṣ (to speak) + suffix kta
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies giram.

गिरम् (giram) - speech (speech, word, voice)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, word, voice, hymn

From root gṛ (to praise, speak)

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of niśamya.

नरेन्द्राः (narendrāḥ) - those kings (kings, lords of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narendra

narendra - king, lord of men

Compound nara (man) + indra (chief, lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra (god)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of praśaśaṃsuḥ.

प्रशशंसुः (praśaśaṁsuḥ) - they praised it (they praised, they lauded)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of √praśaṃs

Perfect active 3rd plural

From pra (prefix) + root śaṃs (to praise) + reduplication (śaśaṃsuḥ)

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (kings) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to narendrāḥ.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पप्रछ्ह (paprachha) - asked (he asked, he questioned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √prach

Perfect active 3rd singular

From root prach (class 6) + reduplication (papraccha)

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Subject is ahīnasattvaḥ.

सरिद्वरासुतम् (saridvarāsutam) - the son of the foremost river (Bhīṣma) (the son of the excellent river (Bhīṣma))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saridvarāsuta

saridvarāsuta - son of the excellent river (epithet of Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā)

Tatpuruṣa compound saridvarā (excellent river) + suta (son)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saridvarā+suta)

• saridvarā – foremost river (referring to Ganga)
  noun (feminine)
  Compound sarit (river) + varā (excellent)
• suta – son, born of
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sū (to give birth, produce) + suffix kta
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Direct object of paprachha.

ततः (tataḥ) - from that point onward (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

From demonstrative pronoun tad + suffix tas

परम् (param) - further, next (in reference to dharma) (supreme, highest, next, after)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, subsequent, supreme, excellent, highest

Note: Can be adverbial 'after that' or adjective 'the subsequent'. Here 'from that point onward' as an adverbial phrase tataḥ param.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support) + suffix man

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of paprachha.

अहीनसत्त्वः (ahīnasattvaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the one of great fortitude (one of great essence/fortitude, undiminished power)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ahīnasattva

ahīnasattva - of undiminished strength/essence, of great fortitude

Bahuvrīhi compound a (not) + hīna (diminished) + sattva (essence, being, strength)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+hīna+sattva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• hīna – deficient, diminished, lacking
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hā (to abandon, quit, diminish) + suffix kta
  Root: hā (class 3)
• sattva – essence, being, existence, strength, courage, goodness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of paprachha.