महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-161, verse-4

ततोऽर्थगतितत्त्वज्ञः प्रथमं प्रतिभानवान् ।
जगाद विदुरो वाक्यं धर्मशास्त्रमनुस्मरन् ॥४॥

4. tato'rthagatitattvajñaḥ prathamaṁ pratibhānavān ,
jagāda viduro vākyaṁ dharmaśāstramanusmaran.

4. tataḥ arthagati tattvajñaḥ prathamam pratibhānavān
jagāda viduraḥ vākyam dharmaśāstram anusmaran

4. tataḥ prathamam arthagati tattvajñaḥ pratibhānavān
viduraḥ dharmaśāstram anusmaran vākyam jagāda

4. Thereafter, Vidura, who understood the true essence of prosperity (artha) and was highly intelligent, first spoke this statement, recalling the treatises on natural law (dharmaśāstra).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• अर्थगति (arthagati) - knowledge of purpose/wealth, course of affairs, meaning of things

• तत्त्वज्ञः (tattvajñaḥ) - knower of the truth of arthagati (knower of truth, knower of reality, one who understands the essence)

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, firstly

• प्रतिभानवान् (pratibhānavān) - intelligent, brilliant, sagacious

• जगाद (jagāda) - he spoke, he said

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (proper name)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, teaching, sentence

• धर्मशास्त्रम् (dharmaśāstram) - treatise on natural law, scripture of duty

• अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering, recollecting

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva suffix -tas to tad

अर्थगति (arthagati) - knowledge of purpose/wealth, course of affairs, meaning of things

(noun)

feminine, singular of arthagati

arthagati - understanding of purpose/wealth, true nature of things, course of affairs

Compound of artha and gati

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+gati)

• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, prosperity, material well-being
  noun (masculine)
  From root ṛ (to go, move) + tha (suffix)
  Root: ṛ
• gati – going, movement, course, knowledge, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  From root gam (to go) + ti (suffix)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: This word forms part of the compound "arthagatitattvajñaḥ".

तत्त्वज्ञः (tattvajñaḥ) - knower of the truth of arthagati (knower of truth, knower of reality, one who understands the essence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tattvajña

tattvajña - knower of truth, knower of reality, one who understands the essence

Compound of tattva and jña

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tattva+jña)

• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
  From tad (that) + tva (suffix)
• jña – knowing, understanding, a knower
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know) + a (suffix)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Forms the larger compound "arthagatitattvajñaḥ" with the preceding word.

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, firstly

(indeclinable)

From prati (prefix) + ma (suffix)

Root: prath (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

प्रतिभानवान् (pratibhānavān) - intelligent, brilliant, sagacious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratibhānavat

pratibhānavat - intelligent, brilliant, sagacious, endowed with insight

Possessive adjective

From pratibhāna (insight, intelligence) + matup (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with Vidura.

जगाद (jagāda) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gad

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, active voice (reduplicated root)

Root: gad (class 1)

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (a wise character in the Mahābhārata)

From prefix vi- + root dur (to be difficult), meaning 'skilled, wise'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dur (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb `jagāda`.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, teaching, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākyam

vākya - statement, sentence, word, speech, teaching

From root vac (to speak) + ya (suffix)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `vaktum`.

धर्मशास्त्रम् (dharmaśāstram) - treatise on natural law, scripture of duty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmaśāstra

dharmaśāstra - treatise on natural law (dharma), scripture of duty, legal text

Compound of dharma and śāstra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+śāstra)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature, religion
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain) + man (suffix)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śāstra – treatise, scripture, science, rule
  noun (neuter)
  From root śās (to teach, instruct) + tra (suffix)
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of `anusmaran` (implicitly).

अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering, recollecting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusmarat

anusmarat - remembering, recollecting, calling to mind

Present Active Participle

From prefix anu- + root smṛ (to remember) + śatṛ (suffix)

Prefix: anu

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Vidura, describes his action while speaking.