महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-161, verse-28

नाकामः कामयत्यर्थं नाकामो धर्ममिच्छति ।
नाकामः कामयानोऽस्ति तस्मात्कामो विशिष्यते ॥२८॥

28. nākāmaḥ kāmayatyarthaṁ nākāmo dharmamicchati ,
nākāmaḥ kāmayāno'sti tasmātkāmo viśiṣyate.

28. nakāmaḥ kāmayati artham nakāmaḥ dharmam icchati
nakāmaḥ kāmayānaḥ asti tasmāt kāmaḥ viśiṣyate

28. nakāmaḥ artham kāmayati nakāmaḥ dharmam icchati
nakāmaḥ kāmayānaḥ asti tasmāt kāmaḥ viśiṣyate

28. A person without desire (kāma) does not seek wealth (artha), nor does such a person wish for righteousness (dharma). Indeed, a person without desire has no aspirations at all. Therefore, desire (kāma) is considered supreme.

Words meanings summery:

• नकामः (nakāmaḥ) - a person who lacks desire (without desire, desireless)

• कामयति (kāmayati) - seeks, strives for (desires, wishes for)

• अर्थम् (artham) - material prosperity or wealth (object, purpose, meaning, wealth, prosperity, material gain)

• नकामः (nakāmaḥ) - a person who lacks desire (without desire, desireless)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - moral conduct or religious duty (righteousness, moral law, duty, virtue, sacred ordinance)

• इच्छति (icchati) - longs for, wishes for (desires, wishes, seeks)

• नकामः (nakāmaḥ) - a person who lacks desire (without desire, desireless)

• कामयानः (kāmayānaḥ) - having desires, aspiring (desiring, wishing, being in love)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists, has (is, exists)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, for this reason (from that, therefore, hence)

• कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire itself, as a powerful force (desire, wish, pleasure, love)

• विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is considered supreme or superior (is distinguished, is preeminent, excels)

Words meanings and morphology

नकामः (nakāmaḥ) - a person who lacks desire (without desire, desireless)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakāma

nakāma - without desire, desireless, unwilling

Negative compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (na+kāma)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• kāma – desire, wish, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कामयति (kāmayati) - seeks, strives for (desires, wishes for)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √kam

Present indicative (causative stem kāmaya-).

From √kam (to desire) in its causative form.

Root: kam (class 1)

अर्थम् (artham) - material prosperity or wealth (object, purpose, meaning, wealth, prosperity, material gain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - object, purpose, meaning, wealth, prosperity, material gain

नकामः (nakāmaḥ) - a person who lacks desire (without desire, desireless)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakāma

nakāma - without desire, desireless, unwilling

Negative compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (na+kāma)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• kāma – desire, wish, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - moral conduct or religious duty (righteousness, moral law, duty, virtue, sacred ordinance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, moral law, duty, virtue, sacred ordinance, inherent quality, constitution

From √dhṛ (to hold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

इच्छति (icchati) - longs for, wishes for (desires, wishes, seeks)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √iṣ

Present indicative.

From √iṣ (to desire), reduplicated stem icch-.

Root: iṣ (class 4)

नकामः (nakāmaḥ) - a person who lacks desire (without desire, desireless)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakāma

nakāma - without desire, desireless, unwilling

Negative compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (na+kāma)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• kāma – desire, wish, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कामयानः (kāmayānaḥ) - having desires, aspiring (desiring, wishing, being in love)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmayāna

kāmayāna - desiring, wishing, being in love

Present Participle (ātmanepada)

From √kam (to desire) with causative stem kāmaya- and suffix -āna.

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective with `asti`.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists, has (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present indicative.

From √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, for this reason (from that, therefore, hence)

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun, ablative singular.

कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire itself, as a powerful force (desire, wish, pleasure, love)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, pleasure, love, object of desire

From √kam (to desire).

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Subject of `viśiṣyate`.

विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is considered supreme or superior (is distinguished, is preeminent, excels)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of viśiṣ

Present indicative (passive).

From √śiṣ (to leave, remain) with prefix vi-, in passive voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)