महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-161, verse-29

कामेन युक्ता ऋषयस्तपस्येव समाहिताः ।
पलाशफलमूलाशा वायुभक्षाः सुसंयताः ॥२९॥

29. kāmena yuktā ṛṣayastapasyeva samāhitāḥ ,
palāśaphalamūlāśā vāyubhakṣāḥ susaṁyatāḥ.

29. kāmena yuktāḥ ṛṣayaḥ tapasi eva samāhitāḥ
palāśaphalamūlāśāḥ vāyubhakṣāḥ susaṃyatāḥ

29. kāmena yuktāḥ ṛṣayaḥ tapasi eva samāhitāḥ
palāśaphalamūlāśāḥ vāyubhakṣāḥ susaṃyatāḥ

29. Even sages, who are imbued with desire (kāma) while deeply absorbed in spiritual austerities (tapas), those who subsist on the fruits and roots of the Palāśa tree, or even on air, and who are profoundly self-controlled—even such individuals are fundamentally driven by desire.

Words meanings summery:

• कामेन (kāmena) - propelled by or associated with desire (kāma) (by desire, with desire)

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed or characterized by (joined, united, endowed, associated)

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - ancient wise men, ascetics (sages, seers)

• तपसि (tapasi) - in their spiritual practices or severe self-discipline (in austerity, in penance)

• एव (eva) - even, truly (indeed, just, only, even)

• समाहिताः (samāhitāḥ) - deeply focused or absorbed (concentrated, absorbed, composed, established)

• पलाशफलमूलाशाः (palāśaphalamūlāśāḥ) - subsisting on a diet of palāśa tree fruits and roots (whose food is the fruits and roots of the palāśa tree)

• वायुभक्षाः (vāyubhakṣāḥ) - those who subsist purely on air (whose food is air, living on air)

• सुसंयताः (susaṁyatāḥ) - profoundly self-controlled (well-restrained, highly controlled)

Words meanings and morphology

कामेन (kāmena) - propelled by or associated with desire (kāma) (by desire, with desire)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, pleasure, love

From √kam (to desire).

Root: kam (class 1)

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed or characterized by (joined, united, endowed, associated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, engaged in, appropriate, concentrated

Past Passive Participle

From √yuj (to join, unite).

Root: yuj (class 7)

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - ancient wise men, ascetics (sages, seers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - a seer, inspired poet, sage, ascetic

Note: Subject of the implied verb (are).

तपसि (tapasi) - in their spiritual practices or severe self-discipline (in austerity, in penance)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, asceticism, penance, spiritual austerity

From √tap (to heat, to perform austerity).

Root: tap (class 1)

एव (eva) - even, truly (indeed, just, only, even)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis.

Note: Emphasizes `tapasi`.

समाहिताः (samāhitāḥ) - deeply focused or absorbed (concentrated, absorbed, composed, established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāhita

samāhita - concentrated, absorbed, composed, established, placed, collected

Past Passive Participle

From √dhā (to place) with prefixes sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

पलाशफलमूलाशाः (palāśaphalamūlāśāḥ) - subsisting on a diet of palāśa tree fruits and roots (whose food is the fruits and roots of the palāśa tree)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of palāśaphalamūlāśa

palāśaphalamūlāśa - whose food is palāśa fruits and roots

Complex Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (palāśa+phala+mūla+āśa)

• palāśa – Butea monosperma (a tree), leaf
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)
• āśa – eating, consuming; food (often as a final member of a compound)
  noun (masculine)
  From √aś (to eat).
  Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective describing `ṛṣayaḥ`.

वायुभक्षाः (vāyubhakṣāḥ) - those who subsist purely on air (whose food is air, living on air)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāyubhakṣa

vāyubhakṣa - eating air, subsisting on air

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vāyu+bhakṣa)

• vāyu – wind, air, a wind-god
  noun (masculine)
• bhakṣa – food, eating, feeder (often as a final member of a compound)
  noun (masculine)
  From √bhakṣ (to eat).
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective describing `ṛṣayaḥ`.

सुसंयताः (susaṁyatāḥ) - profoundly self-controlled (well-restrained, highly controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of susaṃyata

susaṁyata - well-restrained, very self-controlled, perfectly subdued

Past Passive Participle with intensifier.

Compound of su- (good, well) and saṃyata (restrained).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (su+saṃyata)

• su – good, well, easily, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix used as an intensifier.
• saṃyata – restrained, controlled, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √yam (to restrain) with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective describing `ṛṣayaḥ`.