महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-161, verse-3

कस्मिंश्चात्मा नियन्तव्यस्त्रिवर्गविजयाय वै ।
संतुष्टा नैष्ठिकं वाक्यं यथावद्वक्तुमर्हथ ॥३॥

3. kasmiṁścātmā niyantavyastrivargavijayāya vai ,
saṁtuṣṭā naiṣṭhikaṁ vākyaṁ yathāvadvaktumarhatha.

3. kasmin ca ātmā niyantavyaḥ trivargavijayāya vai
santuṣṭā naiṣṭhikam vākyam yathāvat vaktum arhatha

3. ātmā ca kasmin trivargavijayāya vai niyantavyaḥ
santuṣṭā yathāvat naiṣṭhikam vākyam vaktum arhatha

3. And on which of these should the self (ātman) be controlled for the proper attainment of the three aims of life (trivarga)? Being content, you are worthy to speak the conclusive teaching accurately.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which, in what

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्मा (ātmā) - self, soul, spirit, individual essence

• नियन्तव्यः (niyantavyaḥ) - to be controlled, to be restrained, to be governed

• त्रिवर्गविजयाय (trivargavijayāya) - for the victory of the triad, for the attainment of the three aims

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

• सन्तुष्टा (santuṣṭā) - satisfied, content

• नैष्ठिकम् (naiṣṭhikam) - conclusive, definitive, final, authentic

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, teaching, sentence

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - as it is, correctly, properly, truly

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say, to declare

• अर्हथ (arhatha) - you (pl.) are worthy, you (pl.) ought, you (pl.) deserve

Words meanings and morphology

कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which, in what

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आत्मा (ātmā) - self, soul, spirit, individual essence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual essence, the Supreme Soul

From root an (to breathe) + man (suffix), or related to 'at' (to move, wander).

Root: an (class 2)

नियन्तव्यः (niyantavyaḥ) - to be controlled, to be restrained, to be governed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyantavya

niyantavya - to be controlled, to be restrained, to be governed, ought to be controlled

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From prefix ni- + root yam (to control, restrain) + tavya (suffix)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Expresses obligation or fitness.

त्रिवर्गविजयाय (trivargavijayāya) - for the victory of the triad, for the attainment of the three aims

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of trivargavijaya

trivargavijaya - victory of the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma), mastery of the trivarga

Compound of trivarga and vijaya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (trivarga+vijaya)

• trivarga – the group of three (dharma, artha, kāma)
  noun (masculine)
  compound of tri and varga
• vijaya – victory, conquest, triumph, success
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix vi- + root ji (to conquer) + a (suffix)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to the goal of controlling the self.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

(indeclinable)

सन्तुष्टा (santuṣṭā) - satisfied, content

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of santuṣṭa

santuṣṭa - satisfied, content, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam- + root tuṣ (to be pleased) + ta (suffix)

Prefix: sam

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: While the form `santuṣṭā` is feminine singular nominative, the verb `arhatha` is 2nd person plural. Contextually, `santuṣṭāḥ` (masculine plural nominative) is likely intended, addressing multiple satisfied individuals.

नैष्ठिकम् (naiṣṭhikam) - conclusive, definitive, final, authentic

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naiṣṭhika

naiṣṭhika - final, conclusive, definitive, authentic, relating to ultimate truth or devotion

From niṣṭhā (conclusion, devotion) + ika (suffix)

Note: Agrees with `vākyam`.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, teaching, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākyam

vākya - statement, sentence, word, speech, teaching

From root vac (to speak) + ya (suffix)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `vaktum`.

यथावत् (yathāvat) - as it is, correctly, properly, truly

(indeclinable)

From yathā (as) + vat (suffix)

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say, to declare

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root vac (to speak) + tumun (infinitive suffix)

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्हथ (arhatha) - you (pl.) are worthy, you (pl.) ought, you (pl.) deserve

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present indicative

2nd person plural, active voice

Root: arh (class 1)