योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-115, verse-28

कट्वम्ललवणं तिक्तममृष्टं मृष्टमुत्तमम् ।
अधमं योऽत्ति साम्येन महाभोक्ता स उच्यते ॥ २८ ॥

kaṭvamlalavaṇaṃ tiktamamṛṣṭaṃ mṛṣṭamuttamam ,
adhamaṃ yo'tti sāmyena mahābhoktā sa ucyate 28

28. kaṭvamlalavaṇam tiktam amṛṣṭam mṛṣṭam uttamam
adhamam yaḥ atti sāmyena mahābhoktā saḥ ucyate

28. yaḥ sāmyena kaṭvamlalavaṇam tiktam amṛṣṭam mṛṣṭam
uttamam adhamam atti saḥ mahābhoktā ucyate

28. He who, with equanimity, consumes food that is pungent, sour, salty, bitter, unpalatable, palatable, excellent, or inferior, he is called a great enjoyer (mahābhoktā).

Words meanings summery:

• कट्वम्ललवणम् (kaṭvamlalavaṇam) - food that is pungent, sour, and salty (pungent, sour, and salty)

• तिक्तम् (tiktam) - food that is bitter (bitter, pungent)

• अमृष्टम् (amṛṣṭam) - food that is unpalatable (unpalatable, uncleaned, not purified)

• मृष्टम् (mṛṣṭam) - food that is palatable (palatable, cleaned, purified)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - food that is excellent (excellent, best, highest)

• अधमम् (adhamam) - food that is inferior (inferior, worst, lowest)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अत्ति (atti) - eats, consumes

• साम्येन (sāmyena) - with equanimity, impartiality, equality

• महाभोक्ता (mahābhoktā) - one who experiences all without attachment or distinction (great enjoyer, great experiencer)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

Words meanings and morphology

कट्वम्ललवणम् (kaṭvamlalavaṇam) - food that is pungent, sour, and salty (pungent, sour, and salty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaṭvamlalavaṇa

kaṭvamlalavaṇa - pungent-sour-salty (taste)

Compound type : dvandva (kaṭu+amla+lavaṇa)

• kaṭu – pungent, sharp, bitter
  adjective
• amla – sour, acid
  adjective
• lavaṇa – salty
  adjective

Note: Refers to food implicitly

तिक्तम् (tiktam) - food that is bitter (bitter, pungent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tikta

tikta - bitter, pungent

Past Passive Participle

from root 'tij' (to be sharp), or a direct adjective

Root: tij (class 7)

Note: Refers to food implicitly

अमृष्टम् (amṛṣṭam) - food that is unpalatable (unpalatable, uncleaned, not purified)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amṛṣṭa

amṛṣṭa - unpalatable, uncleaned, unpurified, crude

compound of 'a' (negation) and 'mṛṣṭa' (palatable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+mṛṣṭa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mṛṣṭa – palatable, clean, purified, delicious
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'mṛj' (to clean, to rub)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Refers to food implicitly

मृष्टम् (mṛṣṭam) - food that is palatable (palatable, cleaned, purified)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛṣṭa

mṛṣṭa - palatable, clean, purified, delicious

Past Passive Participle

from root 'mṛj' (to clean, to rub)

Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Refers to food implicitly

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - food that is excellent (excellent, best, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, highest, principal

Note: Refers to food implicitly

अधमम् (adhamam) - food that is inferior (inferior, worst, lowest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhama

adhama - lowest, inferior, worst, vile

Note: Refers to food implicitly

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, that

अत्ति (atti) - eats, consumes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ad

Root: ad (class 2)

साम्येन (sāmyena) - with equanimity, impartiality, equality

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sāmya

sāmya - equanimity, impartiality, equality, likeness

derived from 'sama' (equal) with suffix 'ya'

महाभोक्ता (mahābhoktā) - one who experiences all without attachment or distinction (great enjoyer, great experiencer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhoktṛ

mahābhoktṛ - great enjoyer, great consumer, supreme experiencer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhoktṛ)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bhoktṛ – enjoyer, experiencer, consumer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  agent noun from root 'bhuj' (to enjoy)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

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