योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-115, verse-26

महान्ति सुखदुःखानि यः पयांसीव सागरः ।
समं समुपगृह्णाति महाभोक्ता स उच्यते ॥ २६ ॥

mahānti sukhaduḥkhāni yaḥ payāṃsīva sāgaraḥ ,
samaṃ samupagṛhṇāti mahābhoktā sa ucyate 26

26. mahānti sukhaduḥkhāni yaḥ payāṃsi iva sāgaraḥ
samam samupagṛhṇāti mahābhoktā saḥ ucyate

26. yaḥ sāgaraḥ iva payāṃsi,
mahānti sukhaduḥkhāni samam samupagṛhṇāti,
saḥ mahābhoktā ucyate

26. He who, like the ocean (sāgara), equally takes in great joys and sorrows just as the ocean receives waters, is called the great enjoyer.

Words meanings summery:

• महान्ति (mahānti) - great, large, numerous, important

• सुखदुःखानि (sukhaduḥkhāni) - joys and sorrows, happiness and pain

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• पयांसि (payāṁsi) - waters, fluids

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - the ocean, sea

• समम् (samam) - equally, evenly, impartially

• समुपगृह्णाति (samupagṛhṇāti) - receives, embraces, takes in, accepts

• महाभोक्ता (mahābhoktā) - great enjoyer, great experiencer

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is spoken

Words meanings and morphology

महान्ति (mahānti) - great, large, numerous, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important, extensive

Declines as an 'at' ending adjective, with irregular forms.

Note: Modifies 'sukhaduḥkhāni'.

सुखदुःखानि (sukhaduḥkhāni) - joys and sorrows, happiness and pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

Dvandva compound of 'sukha' (joy) and 'duḥkha' (sorrow).

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – joy, pleasure, happiness, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'samupagṛhṇāti'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'samupagṛhṇāti'.

पयांसि (payāṁsi) - waters, fluids

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of payas

payas - water, fluid, milk, vital energy

An 's'-stem noun.

Note: Object of an implicit verb in comparison with 'sāgara'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - the ocean, sea

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Literally 'with poison' (referring to the mythical ocean churning for amṛta) or 'with mountains' (referring to mountains on its shores).

Note: Subject of comparison, 'yaḥ' is compared to 'sāgaraḥ'.

समम् (samam) - equally, evenly, impartially

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'samupagṛhṇāti'.

समुपगृह्णाति (samupagṛhṇāti) - receives, embraces, takes in, accepts

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of samupagṛhṇāti

Present active indicative

From root 'grah' (to seize, take) with prefixes 'sam' (together, completely) and 'upa' (near, towards).

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: grah (class 9)

महाभोक्ता (mahābhoktā) - great enjoyer, great experiencer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhoktṛ

mahābhoktṛ - great enjoyer/experiencer, one who greatly partakes

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'bhoktṛ' (enjoyer/experiencer). 'bhoktṛ' is an agent noun from root 'bhuj'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhoktṛ)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  Stem form of 'mahat' (great).
• bhoktṛ – enjoyer, experiencer, consumer, feeder
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'bhuj' (to enjoy, eat) with the suffix '-tṛ'.
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'saḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it (demonstrative pronoun, often used as 3rd person pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is spoken

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of ucyate

Present passive indicative

From root 'vac' (to speak) in the passive voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)