योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-115, verse-25

जरा मरणमापच्च राज्ये दारिद्र्यमेव च ।
रम्यमित्येव यो वेत्ति महाभोक्ता स उच्यते ॥ २५ ॥

jarā maraṇamāpacca rājye dāridryameva ca ,
ramyamityeva yo vetti mahābhoktā sa ucyate 25

25. jarā maraṇam āpat ca rājye dāridryam eva ca
ramyam iti eva yaḥ vetti mahābhoktā saḥ ucyate

25. yaḥ jarā maraṇam āpat ca rājye dāridryam eva
ca ramyam iti eva vetti saḥ mahābhoktā ucyate

25. He who truly regards old age, death, misfortune, and even poverty in a kingdom as delightful, is called the great enjoyer.

Words meanings summery:

• जरा (jarā) - old age, decrepitude

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying, demise

• आपत् (āpat) - calamity, misfortune, distress

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• राज्ये (rājye) - in a kingdom, in a state

• दारिद्र्यम् (dāridryam) - poverty, indigence, destitution

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even, only

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• रम्यम् (ramyam) - delightful, charming, pleasant

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking quotation/thought

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even, only

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, perceives, understands

• महाभोक्ता (mahābhoktā) - great enjoyer, great experiencer

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is spoken

Words meanings and morphology

जरा (jarā) - old age, decrepitude

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decrepitude, decay

From root 'jṛ' (to grow old).

Root: jṛ (class 1)

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying, demise

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, demise

From root 'mṛ' (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

आपत् (āpat) - calamity, misfortune, distress

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, adversity

From root 'pad' (to go, fall) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

राज्ये (rājye) - in a kingdom, in a state

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, state

Derived from 'rājan' (king).

दारिद्र्यम् (dāridryam) - poverty, indigence, destitution

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāridrya

dāridrya - poverty, indigence, destitution, want

From 'daridra' (poor).

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'dāridryam'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

रम्यम् (ramyam) - delightful, charming, pleasant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ramya

ramya - delightful, charming, pleasant, beautiful, enjoyable

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root 'ram' (to delight). Means 'that which is to be delighted in'.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for the list of hardships.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking quotation/thought

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes the preceding thought/statement.

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'vetti'.

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, perceives, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vetti

Present active indicative

From root 'vid' (to know), 'vetti' is the irregular present 3rd person singular form.

Root: vid (class 2)

महाभोक्ता (mahābhoktā) - great enjoyer, great experiencer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhoktṛ

mahābhoktṛ - great enjoyer/experiencer, one who greatly partakes

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'bhoktṛ' (enjoyer/experiencer). 'bhoktṛ' is an agent noun from root 'bhuj'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhoktṛ)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  Stem form of 'mahat' (great).
• bhoktṛ – enjoyer, experiencer, consumer, feeder
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'bhuj' (to enjoy, eat) with the suffix '-tṛ'.
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'saḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it (demonstrative pronoun, often used as 3rd person pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is spoken

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of ucyate

Present passive indicative

From root 'vac' (to speak) in the passive voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)