योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-115, verse-31

इदं भोज्यमभोज्यं चेत्येवं त्यक्त्वा विकल्पितम् ।
गताभिलाषं यो भुङ्क्ते महाभोक्ता स उच्यते ॥ ३१ ॥

idaṃ bhojyamabhojyaṃ cetyevaṃ tyaktvā vikalpitam ,
gatābhilāṣaṃ yo bhuṅkte mahābhoktā sa ucyate 31

31. idam bhojyam abhojyam ca iti evam tyaktvā vikalpitam
gatābhilāṣam yaḥ bhuṅkte mahābhoctā saḥ ucyate

31. yaḥ idam bhojyam abhojyam ca iti evam vikalpitam
tyaktvā gatābhilāṣam bhuṅkte saḥ mahābhoctā ucyate

31. He who consumes food without desire, having abandoned distinctions like 'this is edible' and 'this is inedible', is called a great enjoyer.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this (food) (this)

• भोज्यम् (bhojyam) - edible (food) (edible, to be eaten, food)

• अभोज्यम् (abhojyam) - inedible (food) (inedible, not to be eaten)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• इति (iti) - thus, as such (thus, so, marking direct speech or thought)

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having forsaken)

• विकल्पितम् (vikalpitam) - differentiated, distinguished (differentiated, imagined, thought of as distinct, fabricated)

• गताभिलाषम् (gatābhilāṣam) - free from desire (one whose desires have gone, free from desire)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which, that)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - consumes, eats (enjoys, eats, consumes)

• महाभोच्ता (mahābhoctā) - a great enjoyer (great enjoyer, great consumer)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this (food) (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Can be nominative or accusative singular neuter.

भोज्यम् (bhojyam) - edible (food) (edible, to be eaten, food)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of bhojya

bhojya - edible, to be eaten, food

Gerundive

Derived from root bhuj (to eat/enjoy) with suffix -ya

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Gerundive, used as an adjective or substantive.

अभोज्यम् (abhojyam) - inedible (food) (inedible, not to be eaten)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of abhojya

abhojya - inedible, not to be eaten

Gerundive

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of bhojya, derived from root bhuj (to eat/enjoy) with suffix -ya

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhojya)

• a – not, un
  indeclinable
• bhojya – edible, to be eaten, food
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root bhuj (to eat/enjoy) with suffix -ya
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Gerundive, used as an adjective or substantive.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, as such (thus, so, marking direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having forsaken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -ktvā

Root: tyaj (class 1)

विकल्पितम् (vikalpitam) - differentiated, distinguished (differentiated, imagined, thought of as distinct, fabricated)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vikalpita

vikalpita - differentiated, imagined, thought of as distinct, fabricated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kḷp with prefix vi- and suffix -ita (past passive participle)

Prefix: vi

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Refers to the act of differentiation as an object.

गताभिलाषम् (gatābhilāṣam) - free from desire (one whose desires have gone, free from desire)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gatābhilāṣa

gatābhilāṣa - one whose desires have gone, free from desire

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (gata+abhilāṣa)

• gata – gone, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go) with suffix -ta
  Root: gam (class 1)
• abhilāṣa – desire, longing
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root laṣ (to desire) with prefix abhi- and suffix -a
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: laṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ' (who) in sense, accusative because it modifies the 'who' (implicitly the object of 'who eats/enjoys'). Accusative of condition/state.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - consumes, eats (enjoys, eats, consumes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle (ātmanepada), present (laṭ) of bhuj

Present tense, Paras/Atmanepada

Root bhuj, 7th class, Atmanepada, present indicative

Root: bhuj (class 7)

महाभोच्ता (mahābhoctā) - a great enjoyer (great enjoyer, great consumer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhoctṛ

mahābhoctṛ - great enjoyer, great consumer

Agent noun

Derived from root bhuj (to enjoy/eat) with suffix -tṛ, combined with mahā

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+bhoctṛ)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• bhoctṛ – an enjoyer, one who eats, a consumer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root bhuj (to enjoy/eat) with suffix -tṛ
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present tense, Passive voice

Root vac (to speak), present indicative passive, 3rd person singular. Passive form of root vac, with augment u-.

Root: vac (class 2)