योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-58, verse-38

महत्तामागते चेतस्तव संसारवृत्तिषु ।
न निमज्जति हे साधो गोष्पदेष्विव वारणः ॥ ३८ ॥

mahattāmāgate cetastava saṃsāravṛttiṣu ,
na nimajjati he sādho goṣpadeṣviva vāraṇaḥ 38

38. mahattām āgate cetaḥ tava saṃsāravṛttiṣu na
nimajjati he sādho goṣpadeṣu iva vāraṇaḥ

38. he sādho tava cetaḥ mahattām āgate saṃsāravṛttiṣu
na nimajjati vāraṇaḥ goṣpadeṣu iva

38. O virtuous one, when your mind (cetas) has attained greatness, it does not sink into the worldly affairs (saṃsāra), just as an elephant (vāraṇa) would not sink in shallow puddles (goṣpada).

Words meanings summery:

• महत्ताम् (mahattām) - the state of having a great mind (greatness, eminence)

• आगते (āgate) - when the mind has reached or attained (greatness) (having come, having attained)

• चेतः (cetaḥ) - the individual's mental faculty (mind, consciousness)

• तव (tava) - referring to the mind of the addressed virtuous person (your (genitive of tvam))

• संसारवृत्तिषु (saṁsāravṛttiṣu) - in the various engagements and conditions of the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra) (in the activities/ways of worldly existence (saṃsāra))

• न (na) - negation of sinking (not)

• निमज्जति (nimajjati) - the mind does not become absorbed or overwhelmed by worldly affairs (sinks, dives, is immersed)

• हे (he) - addresses the listener (O (vocative particle))

• साधो (sādho) - addresses the recipient as a wise or righteous individual (O virtuous one, O good person)

• गोष्पदेषु (goṣpadeṣu) - in insignificant or shallow obstacles, contrasting with the large size of an elephant (in cow footprints, in shallow puddles)

• इव (iva) - introduces a simile (like, as, as if)

• वारणः (vāraṇaḥ) - an elephant, known for its size and strength, symbolizing the great mind (elephant, warding off, preventing)

Words meanings and morphology

महत्ताम् (mahattām) - the state of having a great mind (greatness, eminence)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahattā

mahattā - greatness, superiority, dignity

Derived from mahat ('great') with suffix -tā.

Note: Object of the state described by āgate, 'having attained greatness'.

आगते (āgate) - when the mind has reached or attained (greatness) (having come, having attained)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with cetas in locative singular, forming a locative absolute construction.

चेतः (cetaḥ) - the individual's mental faculty (mind, consciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetas

cetas - mind, consciousness, intelligence

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Subject of the main verb nimajjati, and also of the locative absolute construction with āgate.

तव (tava) - referring to the mind of the addressed virtuous person (your (genitive of tvam))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Genitive singular of the second person pronoun.

संसारवृत्तिषु (saṁsāravṛttiṣu) - in the various engagements and conditions of the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra) (in the activities/ways of worldly existence (saṃsāra))

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of saṃsāravṛtti

saṁsāravṛtti - activity, condition, or mode of existence in saṃsāra (cycle of rebirth)

Compound: saṃsāra-vṛtti (tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃsāra+vṛtti)

• saṃsāra – cycle of rebirth, worldly existence, transmigration (saṃsāra)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root sṛ with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• vṛtti – course, conduct, mode of being, activity, way
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root vṛt.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Locative case indicating 'in' or 'among' these activities.

न (na) - negation of sinking (not)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb nimajjati.

निमज्जति (nimajjati) - the mind does not become absorbed or overwhelmed by worldly affairs (sinks, dives, is immersed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of majj

Present Tense

Derived from root majj (class 6) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Third person singular present active indicative.

हे (he) - addresses the listener (O (vocative particle))

(indeclinable)

Particle of address.

साधो (sādho) - addresses the recipient as a wise or righteous individual (O virtuous one, O good person)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, sage

Root: sādh (class 5)

गोष्पदेषु (goṣpadeṣu) - in insignificant or shallow obstacles, contrasting with the large size of an elephant (in cow footprints, in shallow puddles)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of goṣpada

goṣpada - cow's footprint, a shallow puddle

Compound: go-ṣpada (tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+pada)

• go – cow, ox
  noun (masculine/feminine)
• pada – foot, step, footprint
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Locative plural, indicating the place 'in which'.

इव (iva) - introduces a simile (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle for comparison.

वारणः (vāraṇaḥ) - an elephant, known for its size and strength, symbolizing the great mind (elephant, warding off, preventing)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - elephant; warding off, preventing

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, restrain, choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of the implied comparison (does not sink).