योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-1, verse-19

इदं नियतितः प्राप्तं कर्तव्यं तद्विजन्मनाम् ।
मध्याह्नमुपपन्नं यत्कर्तव्यं नावसीदति ॥ १९ ॥

idaṃ niyatitaḥ prāptaṃ kartavyaṃ tadvijanmanām ,
madhyāhnamupapannaṃ yatkartavyaṃ nāvasīdati 19

19. idam niyatitaḥ prāptam kartavyam tat dvijanmanām
madhyāhnam upapannam yat kartavyam na avasīdati

19. dvijanmanām niyatitaḥ prāptam idam tat kartavyam
yat madhyāhnam upapannam kartavyam na avasīdati

19. This duty, obtained by natural law (niyati), is for the twice-born (dvija) and must be performed. A duty that arises at midday should not be neglected.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this; this thing

• नियतितः (niyatitaḥ) - by natural law (niyati) (by destiny; by regulation; by natural law)

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained; received; acquired

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done; duty; obligation

• तत् (tat) - that; it

• द्विजन्मनाम् (dvijanmanām) - of the twice-born (dvija), referring to brahmins (of the twice-born)

• मध्याह्नम् (madhyāhnam) - midday; noon

• उपपन्नम् (upapannam) - having arrived (referring to midday) (approached; arrived; fit; proper)

• यत् (yat) - which; that (relative pronoun)

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done; duty; obligation

• न (na) - not; no

• अवसीदति (avasīdati) - fails; lapses; sinks; is neglected

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this; this thing

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here, this thing

नियतितः (niyatitaḥ) - by natural law (niyati) (by destiny; by regulation; by natural law)

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Used as an adverbial ablative, meaning 'from destiny' or 'by means of destiny/natural law'.

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained; received; acquired

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, acquired, reached, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done; duty; obligation

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty, obligation

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ with suffix -tavya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत् (tat) - that; it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

द्विजन्मनाम् (dvijanmanām) - of the twice-born (dvija), referring to brahmins (of the twice-born)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvijanman

dvijanman - twice-born (a brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya), bird, snake, tooth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+janman)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• janman – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jan (class 4)

मध्याह्नम् (madhyāhnam) - midday; noon

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhyāhna

madhyāhna - midday, noon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhya+ahan)

• madhya – middle, central, intermediate
  adjective (neuter)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

उपपन्नम् (upapannam) - having arrived (referring to midday) (approached; arrived; fit; proper)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upapanna

upapanna - approached, arrived, produced, suitable, proper

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pad with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

यत् (yat) - which; that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done; duty; obligation

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty, obligation

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ with suffix -tavya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not; no

(indeclinable)

अवसीदति (avasīdati) - fails; lapses; sinks; is neglected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of avasīdati

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)