योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-53, verse-49

तेन दुःखाय महते किं मृतेन तवानघ ।
यददुःखाय तत्प्राज्ञाः संश्रयन्तीह नेतरत् ॥ ४९ ॥

tena duḥkhāya mahate kiṃ mṛtena tavānagha ,
yadaduḥkhāya tatprājñāḥ saṃśrayantīha netarat 49

49. tena duḥkhāya mahate kim mṛtena tava anagha yat
aduḥkhāya tat prājñāḥ saṃśrayanti iha na itarat

49. anagha tava tena mahate duḥkhāya mṛtena kim iha
prājñāḥ yat aduḥkhāya tat saṃśrayanti na itarat

49. O sinless one (anagha), what purpose does that great suffering serve for you, (stemming from this state of) death? That which leads to non-suffering, that indeed the wise (prājñāḥ) resort to in this world, and not the other (path).

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• दुःखाय (duḥkhāya) - for suffering, for pain

• महते (mahate) - great, mighty

• किम् (kim) - what, why, what for

• मृतेन (mṛtena) - by this state of spiritual deadness or lack of realization (by the dead, by death, by dying, by the dead state)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one, O faultless one

• यत् (yat) - which, that which

• अदुःखाय (aduḥkhāya) - for non-suffering, for happiness

• तत् (tat) - that

• प्राज्ञाः (prājñāḥ) - the wise ones, intelligent people

• संश्रयन्ति (saṁśrayanti) - they resort to, they take refuge in, they rely on

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• न (na) - not, no

• इतरत् (itarat) - the other, anything else

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Could also be masculine instrumental. Context suggests neuter, referring to the suffering.

दुःखाय (duḥkhāya) - for suffering, for pain

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery

Note: Indicates purpose or relation "for".

महते (mahate) - great, mighty

(adjective)

Dative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, excellent

From root `mah` (to be great)

Root: mah (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what, why, what for

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle

मृतेन (mṛtena) - by this state of spiritual deadness or lack of realization (by the dead, by death, by dying, by the dead state)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, died

Past Passive Participle

From root `mṛ` (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Causes or accompanies the suffering.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

2nd person pronoun

Note: Indicates possession or relation.

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one, O faultless one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure, blameless

`a` (not) + `agha` (sin, fault)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+agha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• agha – sin, fault, evil
  noun (neuter)

यत् (yat) - which, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that which, whoever, whatever

Relative pronoun

Note: Subject of the implicit verb "is".

अदुःखाय (aduḥkhāya) - for non-suffering, for happiness

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of aduḥkha

aduḥkha - non-suffering, happiness, ease

`a` (not) + `duḥkha` (suffering)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+duḥkha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates purpose or goal.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of `saṃśrayanti`.

प्राज्ञाः (prājñāḥ) - the wise ones, intelligent people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prājña

prājña - wise, intelligent, knowing, discerning

`pra` (forth) + `jñā` (to know) + `a` (suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of the verb `saṃśrayanti`.

संश्रयन्ति (saṁśrayanti) - they resort to, they take refuge in, they rely on

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of saṃśri

Present, 3rd person plural

From `sam` + `śri` (to cling to, serve)

Prefix: sam

Root: śri (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place or time.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negation particle

Note: Negates the following word or phrase.

इतरत् (itarat) - the other, anything else

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of itara

itara - other, another, different

From `i` (this) + `tara` (comparative suffix)

Note: Object of implied `saṃśrayanti`.