योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-53, verse-4

दाशूर उवाच ।
शृणु पुत्र यथाभूतमेतत्ते कथयाम्यहम् ।
येन संसारचक्रस्य तत्त्वमस्यावबुध्यसे ॥ ४ ॥

dāśūra uvāca ,
śṛṇu putra yathābhūtametatte kathayāmyaham ,
yena saṃsāracakrasya tattvamasyāvabudhyase 4

4. dāśūra uvāca śṛṇu putra yathābhūtam etat te kathayāmi
aham yena saṃsāra-cakrasya tattvam asya avabudhyase

4. dāśūra uvāca putra śṛṇu aham etat yathābhūtam te
kathayāmi yena asya saṃsāra-cakrasya tattvam avabudhyase

4. Dāśūra said: "Listen, son, I will tell you this as it truly is, so that you may understand the essential nature (tattva) of this cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra)."

Words meanings summery:

• दाशूर (dāśūra) - Dāśūra (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• पुत्र (putra) - O son

• यथाभूतम् (yathābhūtam) - as it happened, as it truly is

• एतत् (etat) - this

• ते (te) - to you (to you, for you, your)

• कथयामि (kathayāmi) - I tell, I narrate

• अहम् (aham) - I

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom, whereby

• संसार-चक्रस्य (saṁsāra-cakrasya) - of the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra)

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the truth, reality, essential nature (tattva)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (cycle of transmigration) (of this, his)

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive

Words meanings and morphology

दाशूर (dāśūra) - Dāśūra (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāśūra

dāśūra - Dāśūra (name of a sage or father figure)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root `vac` (2nd class, `vadati`), here perfect active 3rd person singular, form `uvāca` (from `√vac` (2P))

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative active

from `√śru` (5th class), imperative active 2nd person singular

Root: śru (class 5)

पुत्र (putra) - O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

यथाभूतम् (yathābhūtam) - as it happened, as it truly is

(indeclinable)

past passive participle

compound of `yathā` (as) and `bhūta` (become, happened)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+bhūta)

• yathā – as, like, in which way
  indeclinable
• bhūta – been, become, existing, true
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from `√bhū`
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of `kathayāmi`.

ते (te) - to you (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

second person pronoun, dative/genitive singular (enclitic)

Note: Dative of recipient "to you".

कथयामि (kathayāmi) - I tell, I narrate

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kath

present active

from `√kath` (10th class, causative stem of `√kṛt`), present active 1st person singular.

Root: kath (class 10)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

first person pronoun, nominative singular

येन (yena) - by which, by whom, whereby

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

relative pronoun, instrumental singular masculine/neuter

Note: Expresses means or cause "by which".

संसार-चक्रस्य (saṁsāra-cakrasya) - of the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of saṃsāra-cakra

saṁsāra-cakra - the wheel/cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra), the cycle of rebirth

tatpurusha compound. `saṃsāra` (transmigration) + `cakra` (wheel/cycle).

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃsāra+cakra)

• saṃsāra – transmigration, cycle of rebirth, worldly existence (saṃsāra)
  noun (masculine)
  from `sam-√sṛ`
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• cakra – wheel, disc, cycle
  noun (neuter)

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the truth, reality, essential nature (tattva)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essential nature, principle (tattva)

from `tad` (that) + `tva` (abstract suffix)

Note: Object of `avabudhyase`.

अस्य (asya) - of this (cycle of transmigration) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

demonstrative pronoun, genitive singular masculine/neuter

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

present middle

from `ava-√budh` (1st class, `budhyate`), present middle 2nd person singular.

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)