योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-49

दुःखे निपतितं घोरे विहङ्गः सागरे यथा ।
स्वबन्धास्थं जगज्जाले शून्ये गन्धर्वपत्तने ॥ ४९ ॥

duḥkhe nipatitaṃ ghore vihaṅgaḥ sāgare yathā ,
svabandhāsthaṃ jagajjāle śūnye gandharvapattane 49

49. duḥkhe nipatitam ghore vihaṅgaḥ sāgare yathā
svabandha āstham jagat jāle śūnye gandharvapattane

49. yathā vihaṅgaḥ sāgare (nipatati),
(tathā tat) ghore duḥkhe nipatitam; (tat) svabandha āstham jagatjāle (ca),
śūnye gandharvapattane (ca).

49. Fallen into terrible suffering, just as a bird (vihaṅga) would fall into the ocean; existing in its own bondage (bandha) within the net of the world (jagat), in an empty city of gandharvas (gandharvapattana).

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखे (duḥkhe) - in suffering, in misery

• निपतितम् (nipatitam) - fallen, plunged, entered

• घोरे (ghore) - terrible, dreadful, fierce, intense

• विहङ्गः (vihaṅgaḥ) - a bird

• सागरे (sāgare) - in the ocean, in the sea

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how

• स्वबन्ध (svabandha) - one's own bondage

• आस्थम् (āstham) - situated in, abiding in

• जगत् (jagat) - world, universe

• जाले (jāle) - in a net, in a snare

• शून्ये (śūnye) - in an empty, void, barren

• गन्धर्वपत्तने (gandharvapattane) - in a city of gandharvas, in an illusory city

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखे (duḥkhe) - in suffering, in misery

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

निपतितम् (nipatitam) - fallen, plunged, entered

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen, plunged, thrown down, entered into

Past Passive Participle

From root पत् (pat) 'to fall' with prefix नि (ni)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'mind' or 'being'.

घोरे (ghore) - terrible, dreadful, fierce, intense

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce, awful, intense

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkhe'.

विहङ्गः (vihaṅgaḥ) - a bird

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihaṅga

vihaṅga - bird (literally 'sky-goer')

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (vi+gam)

• vi – sky, air, bird
  noun (masculine)
• ga – goer, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root गम् (gam) 'to go'
  Root: gam (class 1)

सागरे (sāgare) - in the ocean, in the sea

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how

(indeclinable)

स्वबन्ध (svabandha) - one's own bondage

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svabandha

svabandha - one's own bondage, self-imposed constraint

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bandha)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• bandha – bondage, fetter, tie, imprisonment
  noun (masculine)
  From root बन्ध् (bandh) 'to bind'
  Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: First part of a compound.

आस्थम् (āstham) - situated in, abiding in

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āstha

āstha - standing, situated, abiding, existing

Derived from root स्था (sthā) 'to stand' with prefix आ (ā)

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Second part of a compound. Qualifies the implied 'mind' or 'being'.

जगत् (jagat) - world, universe

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving, living being

Present Active Participle

From root गम् (gam) 'to go', derived as a participle but used as a noun.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: First part of a compound.

जाले (jāle) - in a net, in a snare

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jāla

jāla - net, snare, web, illusion

Note: Second part of a compound.

शून्ये (śūnye) - in an empty, void, barren

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, barren, null, non-existent

Note: Qualifies 'gandharvapattane'.

गन्धर्वपत्तने (gandharvapattane) - in a city of gandharvas, in an illusory city

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gandharvapattana

gandharvapattana - city of gandharvas (an illusory city, a mirage)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (gandharva+pattana)

• gandharva – celestial musician, a class of demi-gods known for creating illusions
  noun (masculine)
• pattana – city, town
  noun (neuter)

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