योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-1

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
कुपितस्यासतोऽप्यस्य प्रेक्षामात्रविनाशिनः ।
अविद्याविततव्याधेरौषधं श्रृणु राघव ॥ १ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
kupitasyāsato'pyasya prekṣāmātravināśinaḥ ,
avidyāvitatavyādherauṣadhaṃ śrṛṇu rāghava 1

1. śrī-vasiṣṭha uvāca kupitasya asataḥ api asya
prekṣā-mātra-vināśinaḥ avidyā-vitata-vyādheḥ auṣadham śṛṇu rāghava

1. śrī-vasiṣṭha uvāca: rāghava,
kupitasya asataḥ api asya prekṣā-mātra-vināśinaḥ avidyā-vitata-vyādheḥ auṣadham śṛṇu

1. Sri Vasishtha said: "O Raghava, listen to the remedy for this widespread disease of ignorance (avidyā)—a disease that, though seemingly formidable in its agitated state, is ultimately non-existent and vanishes merely by clear observation."

Words meanings summery:

• श्री-वसिष्ठ (śrī-vasiṣṭha) - Sri Vasishtha (the revered Vasishtha)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कुपितस्य (kupitasya) - of the agitated (disease) (of the agitated, of the angry one (genitive singular, masculine))

• असतः (asataḥ) - of the non-existent (disease) (of the non-existent, of the unreal (genitive singular, masculine))

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (disease) (of this (masculine/neuter genitive singular))

• प्रेक्षा-मात्र-विनाशिनः (prekṣā-mātra-vināśinaḥ) - which is destroyed merely by clear observation (which is destroyed merely by observation/seeing (genitive singular, masculine))

• अविद्या-वितत-व्याधेः (avidyā-vitata-vyādheḥ) - of the widespread disease of ignorance (avidyā) (of the widespread disease of ignorance (genitive singular, masculine))

• औषधम् (auṣadham) - the remedy (medicine, remedy, drug (neuter accusative singular))

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear (imperative))

• राघव (rāghava) - O Raghava (O Raghava (descendant of Raghu), O Rama (vocative singular, masculine))

Words meanings and morphology

श्री-वसिष्ठ (śrī-vasiṣṭha) - Sri Vasishtha (the revered Vasishtha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrī-vasiṣṭha

śrī-vasiṣṭha - revered Vasishtha

Compound type : tatpurusha (śrī+vasiṣṭha)

• śrī – splendor, glory, reverence, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
• vasiṣṭha – Vasiṣṭha (a celebrated sage)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

कुपितस्य (kupitasya) - of the agitated (disease) (of the agitated, of the angry one (genitive singular, masculine))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kupita

kupita - agitated, angry, excited

Past Passive Participle

from root 'kup' (to be angry)

Root: kup (class 4)

असतः (asataḥ) - of the non-existent (disease) (of the non-existent, of the unreal (genitive singular, masculine))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad

present active participle of 'as'

from root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the ultimate unreality of the disease of avidyā.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the paradox of a non-existent disease being agitated.

अस्य (asya) - of this (disease) (of this (masculine/neuter genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to `vyādheḥ`.

प्रेक्षा-मात्र-विनाशिनः (prekṣā-mātra-vināśinaḥ) - which is destroyed merely by clear observation (which is destroyed merely by observation/seeing (genitive singular, masculine))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prekṣā-mātra-vināśin

prekṣā-mātra-vināśin - destroyed merely by seeing/observation

Compound type : tatpurusha (prekṣā+mātra+vināśin)

• prekṣā – seeing, observing, insight
  noun (feminine)
  from root 'īkṣ' with 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)
• mātra – only, merely, exclusively
  indeclinable
• vināśin – destroying, perishing, destructible
  adjective (masculine)
  from verb root 'naś' with prefix 'vi', agent noun suffix -in
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `vyādheḥ`. Highlights the nature of avidyā as dissipating with knowledge.

अविद्या-वितत-व्याधेः (avidyā-vitata-vyādheḥ) - of the widespread disease of ignorance (avidyā) (of the widespread disease of ignorance (genitive singular, masculine))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of avidyā-vitata-vyādhi

avidyā-vitata-vyādhi - the widespread disease of ignorance

Compound type : tatpurusha (avidyā+vitata+vyādhi)

• avidyā – ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance
  noun (feminine)
  compound of a (negation) + vidyā
  Prefix: a
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vitata – spread, extensive, widespread
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from verb root 'tan' with prefix 'vi'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: tan (class 8)
• vyādhi – disease, sickness, ailment
  noun (masculine)

Note: The core noun being described.

औषधम् (auṣadham) - the remedy (medicine, remedy, drug (neuter accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of auṣadha

auṣadha - medicine, drug, remedy

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative active

2nd person singular, imperative mood, active voice

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Addressed to Rama.

राघव (rāghava) - O Raghava (O Raghava (descendant of Raghu), O Rama (vocative singular, masculine))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Note: Address to Rama.