योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-44

इमं संसारमखिलमाशापाशविधायकम् ।
दधदन्तः फलैर्हीनं वटधाना वटं यथा ॥ ४४ ॥

imaṃ saṃsāramakhilamāśāpāśavidhāyakam ,
dadhadantaḥ phalairhīnaṃ vaṭadhānā vaṭaṃ yathā 44

44. imam saṃsāram akhilam āśā-pāśa-vidhāyakam dadhat
antaḥ phalaiḥ hīnam vaṭa-dhānā vaṭam yathā

44. imam akhilam saṃsāram āśā-pāśa-vidhāyakam dadhat
antaḥ phalaiḥ hīnam vaṭa-dhānā vaṭam yathā

44. This entire cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra), which creates the fetters of desire, holds within itself (immense potential for suffering) yet is devoid of beneficial fruits, much like a tiny banyan seed (vaṭa-dhānā) contains within it a massive banyan tree (vaṭa).

Words meanings summery:

• इमम् (imam) - this

• संसारम् (saṁsāram) - the cycle of rebirth

• अखिलम् (akhilam) - entire, whole, complete

• आशा-पाश-विधायकम् (āśā-pāśa-vidhāyakam) - creating the fetters of desire

• दधत् (dadhat) - holding, bearing, containing

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - inside, within, in the interior

• फलैः (phalaiḥ) - by fruits, with fruits

• हीनम् (hīnam) - devoid of, lacking, deprived of

• वट-धाना (vaṭa-dhānā) - banyan seed

• वटम् (vaṭam) - banyan tree

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

Words meanings and morphology

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Modifies saṃsāram.

संसारम् (saṁsāram) - the cycle of rebirth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - cycle of rebirth, transmigration, worldly existence

Root sṛ (to move) with prefix sam- (together) and suffix -a

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of an implied verb, being described by adjectives. Appears as neuter here.

अखिलम् (akhilam) - entire, whole, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akhila

akhila - whole, entire, complete, undivided

Derived from a- (not) and khila (gap, unused land).

Note: Modifies saṃsāram.

आशा-पाश-विधायकम् (āśā-pāśa-vidhāyakam) - creating the fetters of desire

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āśā-pāśa-vidhāyaka

āśā-pāśa-vidhāyaka - creating the bonds of desire

Compound

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (āśā+pāśa+vidhāyaka)

• āśā – hope, desire, expectation
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: aś (class 5)
• pāśa – fetter, noose, bond
  noun (masculine)
• vidhāyaka – causing, producing, creating, enacting
  adjective (neuter)
  From vi-dhā (to create, arrange) + ṇvul suffix (agent noun/adjective)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies saṃsāram.

दधत् (dadhat) - holding, bearing, containing

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dadhat

dadhat - holding, bearing, placing

Present Active Participle

From root dhā (to place, hold).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies saṃsāram.

अन्तः (antaḥ) - inside, within, in the interior

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with dadhat (holding within).

फलैः (phalaiḥ) - by fruits, with fruits

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Governed by hīnam (devoid of).

हीनम् (hīnam) - devoid of, lacking, deprived of

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hīna

hīna - deprived of, lacking, inferior, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

From root hā (to abandon, forsake, leave).

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Modifies saṃsāram.

वट-धाना (vaṭa-dhānā) - banyan seed

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vaṭa-dhānā

vaṭa-dhānā - banyan seed

Compound

Compound type : Tatpurusha (vaṭa+dhānā)

• vaṭa – banyan tree
  noun (masculine)
• dhānā – seed, grain
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the simile.

वटम् (vaṭam) - banyan tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaṭa

vaṭa - banyan tree

Note: Object of an implied verb within the simile (e.g., 'contains').

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)