योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-39

तदेतदाबद्धमिह चित्तं राघव दुःखितम् ।
तृष्णाशोकसमाविष्टं रागायतनमाततम् ॥ ३९ ॥

tadetadābaddhamiha cittaṃ rāghava duḥkhitam ,
tṛṣṇāśokasamāviṣṭaṃ rāgāyatanamātatam 39

39. tat etat ābaddham iha cittam rāghava duḥkhitam
tṛṣṇāśokasamāviṣṭam rāgāyatanam ātatam

39. rāghava,
iha ābaddham etat duḥkhitam cittam tṛṣṇāśokasamāviṣṭam rāgāyatanam ātatam

39. O Rāghava, this mind, entangled here, is full of suffering. It is thoroughly pervaded by craving (tṛṣṇā) and sorrow, and it is an extensive abode of attachment.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, it, therefore

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• आबद्धम् (ābaddham) - bound, tied, entangled, fixed

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, now

• चित्तम् (cittam) - mind, thought, consciousness

• राघव (rāghava) - O Rama (addressing the listener) (descendant of Raghu, appellation for Rama or Lakshmana)

• दुःखितम् (duḥkhitam) - distressed, sorrowful, suffering

• तृष्णाशोकसमाविष्टम् (tṛṣṇāśokasamāviṣṭam) - pervaded by craving and sorrow

• रागायतनम् (rāgāyatanam) - abode of attachment/passion

• आततम् (ātatam) - extended, pervasive, vast, spread out

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, it, therefore

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tat

tat - that, it, such, therefore

Note: Often combines with `etat` to mean 'this very'

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this, this one, the present

आबद्धम् (ābaddham) - bound, tied, entangled, fixed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ābaddha

ābaddha - bound, tied, fettered, fixed, composed, entangled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bandh with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Describes 'cittam'

इह (iha) - here, in this world, now

(indeclinable)

चित्तम् (cittam) - mind, thought, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, thought, intellect, heart, consciousness

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: The main subject being described in this and subsequent verses.

राघव (rāghava) - O Rama (addressing the listener) (descendant of Raghu, appellation for Rama or Lakshmana)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; name of Rama, Lakshmana, etc.

दुःखितम् (duḥkhitam) - distressed, sorrowful, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, afflicted, sorrowful, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'duhkh' (to suffer)

Root: duhkh (class 1)

Note: Describes 'cittam'

तृष्णाशोकसमाविष्टम् (tṛṣṇāśokasamāviṣṭam) - pervaded by craving and sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tṛṣṇāśokasamāviṣṭa

tṛṣṇāśokasamāviṣṭa - pervaded/enveloped by craving and sorrow

Compound type : tatpurusha (tṛṣṇā+śoka+samāviṣṭa)

• tṛṣṇā – craving, thirst, desire
  noun (feminine)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• samāviṣṭa – entered into, pervaded, enveloped, possessed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root viś with prefixes sam- and ā-
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Describes 'cittam'

रागायतनम् (rāgāyatanam) - abode of attachment/passion

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāgāyatana

rāgāyatana - dwelling place for attachment, seat of passion

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāga+āyatana)

• rāga – color, hue, passion, affection, attachment, desire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• āyatana – seat, abode, dwelling place, shrine
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Describes 'cittam'

आततम् (ātatam) - extended, pervasive, vast, spread out

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ātata

ātata - stretched, extended, vast, pervasive, spread out

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tan with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Describes 'cittam'

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