योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-30

इच्छाद्याः शक्तयश्चेतो गावो वृषमिवोन्मदम् ।
अनुधावन्ति दोषाय सरितः सागरं यथा ॥ ३० ॥

icchādyāḥ śaktayaśceto gāvo vṛṣamivonmadam ,
anudhāvanti doṣāya saritaḥ sāgaraṃ yathā 30

30. icchā-ādyāḥ śaktayaḥ ca cetaḥ gāvaḥ vṛṣam iva
unmadam anu-dhāvanti doṣāya saritaḥ sāgaram yathā

30. yathā gāvaḥ unmadam vṛṣam iva,
(ca yathā) saritaḥ sāgaram,
(tathā) icchā-ādyāḥ śaktayaḥ cetaḥ doṣāya anu-dhāvanti.

30. Desires (icchā) and other such powers (śakti) relentlessly pursue the consciousness (cetas), just as cows run after a rutting bull or rivers flow into the ocean, all ultimately leading to undesirable outcomes (doṣa).

30. כוחות התשוקה והרצון רודפים אחר החשיבה ומובילים אותה לקלקול, כמו פרות הרודפות אחר פר משוגע, או כמו נהרות הזורמים אל הים.

Words meanings summery:

• इच्छा-आद्याः (icchā-ādyāḥ) - headed by desire, desires and the like

• शक्तयः (śaktayaḥ) - powers, energies, faculties

• च (ca) - and, also

• चेतः (cetaḥ) - consciousness, mind, understanding

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• वृषम् (vṛṣam) - a bull

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• उन्मदम् (unmadam) - maddened, rutting, frantic

• अनु-धावन्ति (anu-dhāvanti) - they run after, pursue, follow

• दोषाय (doṣāya) - for fault, for harm, for defect, for evil

• सरितः (saritaḥ) - rivers

• सागरम् (sāgaram) - ocean, sea

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

Words meanings and morphology

इच्छा-आद्याः (icchā-ādyāḥ) - headed by desire, desires and the like

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of icchā-ādi

icchā-ādi - desire and so forth, beginning with desire

Compound adjective, where `ādi` signifies 'beginning with' or 'and so forth'.

Compound type : dvandva (icchā+ādi)

• icchā – desire, wish, inclination
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root iṣ (to wish, desire)
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• ādi – beginning, start, first, and so forth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ad (class 1)

Note: The `ā` in `ādyāḥ` is from `ādi` after `icchā` (sandhi a+a=ā).

शक्तयः (śaktayaḥ) - powers, energies, faculties

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śakti

śakti - power, energy, faculty, capability, divine female energy

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject of the verb `anu-dhāvanti`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Follows the word it connects.

चेतः (cetaḥ) - consciousness, mind, understanding

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cetas

cetas - consciousness, mind, intellect, heart

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Used as object.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Subject in the first simile.

वृषम् (vṛṣam) - a bull

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣan

vṛṣan - bull, male, chief, best

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

उन्मदम् (unmadam) - maddened, rutting, frantic

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of unmada

unmada - maddened, furious, frantic, rutting (of an animal)

Derived from root mad (to be mad, rejoice) with prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

अनु-धावन्ति (anu-dhāvanti) - they run after, pursue, follow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of anu-dhāv

Present active indicative, third person plural

Prefix: anu

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Verb for both subjects in the simile and the main subject.

दोषाय (doṣāya) - for fault, for harm, for defect, for evil

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, sin, harm, damage

Root: duṣ (class 4)

सरितः (saritaḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarit

sarit - river, stream

Derived from root sṛ (to flow).

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject in the second simile.

सागरम् (sāgaram) - ocean, sea

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

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