योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-30

इच्छाद्याः शक्तयश्चेतो गावो वृषमिवोन्मदम् ।
अनुधावन्ति दोषाय सरितः सागरं यथा ॥ ३० ॥

icchādyāḥ śaktayaśceto gāvo vṛṣamivonmadam ,
anudhāvanti doṣāya saritaḥ sāgaraṃ yathā 30

30. icchā-ādyāḥ śaktayaḥ ca cetaḥ gāvaḥ vṛṣam iva
unmadam anu-dhāvanti doṣāya saritaḥ sāgaram yathā

30. yathā gāvaḥ unmadam vṛṣam iva,
(ca yathā) saritaḥ sāgaram,
(tathā) icchā-ādyāḥ śaktayaḥ cetaḥ doṣāya anu-dhāvanti.

30. Desires (icchā) and other such powers (śakti) relentlessly pursue the consciousness (cetas), just as cows run after a rutting bull or rivers flow into the ocean, all ultimately leading to undesirable outcomes (doṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• इच्छा-आद्याः (icchā-ādyāḥ) - headed by desire, desires and the like

• शक्तयः (śaktayaḥ) - powers, energies, faculties

• च (ca) - and, also

• चेतः (cetaḥ) - consciousness, mind, understanding

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• वृषम् (vṛṣam) - a bull

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• उन्मदम् (unmadam) - maddened, rutting, frantic

• अनु-धावन्ति (anu-dhāvanti) - they run after, pursue, follow

• दोषाय (doṣāya) - for fault, for harm, for defect, for evil

• सरितः (saritaḥ) - rivers

• सागरम् (sāgaram) - ocean, sea

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

Words meanings and morphology

इच्छा-आद्याः (icchā-ādyāḥ) - headed by desire, desires and the like

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of icchā-ādi

icchā-ādi - desire and so forth, beginning with desire

Compound adjective, where `ādi` signifies 'beginning with' or 'and so forth'.

Compound type : dvandva (icchā+ādi)

• icchā – desire, wish, inclination
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root iṣ (to wish, desire)
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• ādi – beginning, start, first, and so forth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ad (class 1)

Note: The `ā` in `ādyāḥ` is from `ādi` after `icchā` (sandhi a+a=ā).

शक्तयः (śaktayaḥ) - powers, energies, faculties

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śakti

śakti - power, energy, faculty, capability, divine female energy

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject of the verb `anu-dhāvanti`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Follows the word it connects.

चेतः (cetaḥ) - consciousness, mind, understanding

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cetas

cetas - consciousness, mind, intellect, heart

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Used as object.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Subject in the first simile.

वृषम् (vṛṣam) - a bull

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣan

vṛṣan - bull, male, chief, best

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

उन्मदम् (unmadam) - maddened, rutting, frantic

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of unmada

unmada - maddened, furious, frantic, rutting (of an animal)

Derived from root mad (to be mad, rejoice) with prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

अनु-धावन्ति (anu-dhāvanti) - they run after, pursue, follow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of anu-dhāv

Present active indicative, third person plural

Prefix: anu

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Verb for both subjects in the simile and the main subject.

दोषाय (doṣāya) - for fault, for harm, for defect, for evil

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, sin, harm, damage

Root: duṣ (class 4)

सरितः (saritaḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarit

sarit - river, stream

Derived from root sṛ (to flow).

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject in the second simile.

सागरम् (sāgaram) - ocean, sea

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

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