योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-20, verse-51

रात्रिर्द्वादशवर्षाणि हरिश्चन्द्रे तथा ह्यभूत् ।
कान्ताविरहिणामेकं वासरं वत्सरायते ॥ ५१ ॥

rātrirdvādaśavarṣāṇi hariścandre tathā hyabhūt ,
kāntāvirahiṇāmekaṃ vāsaraṃ vatsarāyate 51

51. rātriḥ dvādaśavarṣāṇi hariścandra-e tathā hi
abhūt kāntāvirahiṇām ekam vāsaram vatsarāyate

51. tathā hi hariścandra-e rātriḥ dvādaśavarṣāṇi abhūt.
kāntāvirahiṇām ekam vāsaram vatsarāyate.

51. For Hariścandra, a single night indeed became twelve years. Similarly, for those separated from their beloved, one day feels like an entire year.

Words meanings summery:

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

• द्वादशवर्षाणि (dvādaśavarṣāṇi) - twelve years (plural)

• हरिश्चन्द्र-ए (hariścandra-e) - for Hariścandra

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

• अभूत् (abhūt) - it was, it became

• कान्ताविरहिणाम् (kāntāvirahiṇām) - of those separated from their beloved

• एकम् (ekam) - one, a single (neuter)

• वासरम् (vāsaram) - a day

• वत्सरायते (vatsarāyate) - becomes like a year, seems like a year

Words meanings and morphology

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

द्वादशवर्षाणि (dvādaśavarṣāṇi) - twelve years (plural)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of dvādaśavarṣa

dvādaśavarṣa - twelve years, a period of twelve years

Compound type : dvigu (dvādaśa+varṣa)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used predicatively, indicating the duration that the night became.

हरिश्चन्द्र-ए (hariścandra-e) - for Hariścandra

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of hariścandra

hariścandra - King Hariścandra (a legendary king renowned for his truthfulness and sacrifices)

Note: Locative case used to indicate 'in the case of' or 'for'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

(indeclinable)

अभूत् (abhūt) - it was, it became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist

third person singular aorist, Parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

कान्ताविरहिणाम् (kāntāvirahiṇām) - of those separated from their beloved

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kāntāvirahin

kāntāvirahin - one separated from a beloved woman; one separated from a beloved

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāntā+virahin)

• kāntā – a beloved woman, mistress, wife
  noun (feminine)
  feminine form of kānta (beloved)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• virahin – separated, one who is separated (from)
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  from vi + rah (to abandon)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rah (class 1)

एकम् (ekam) - one, a single (neuter)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, unique

Note: Agrees with 'vāsaram' in gender, number, and case.

वासरम् (vāsaram) - a day

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vāsara

vāsara - day, daytime

Note: Subject of 'vatsarāyate'.

वत्सरायते (vatsarāyate) - becomes like a year, seems like a year

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vatsarāya

Denominative verb

Denominative verb formed from 'vatsara' (year), third person singular present indicative, Ātmanepada.

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