योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-111, verse-6

अयत्नेन यथा बाल इतश्चेतश्च योज्यते ।
भावैस्तथैव चेतोन्तः किमिवात्रास्ति दुष्करम् ॥ ६ ॥

ayatnena yathā bāla itaścetaśca yojyate ,
bhāvaistathaiva cetontaḥ kimivātrāsti duṣkaram 6

6. ayatnena yathā bālaḥ itaḥ ca itaḥ ca yojyate bhāvaiḥ
tathā eva cetaḥ antaḥ kim iva atra asti duṣkaram

6. yathā bālaḥ ayatnena itaḥ ca itaḥ ca yojyate,
tathā eva cetaḥ antaḥ bhāvaiḥ (yojyate).
atra kim iva duṣkaram asti?

6. Just as a child (bāla) is effortlessly (ayatnena) directed here and there, similarly the inner mind (cetaḥ antaḥ) is directed by various mental states and external objects (bhāvaiḥ). What, then, is difficult in this (observation or process of training)?

Words meanings summery:

• अयत्नेन (ayatnena) - without effort, effortlessly, easily

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• बालः (bālaḥ) - child, boy, young one

• इतः (itaḥ) - here (part of 'here and there') (from here, hither, on this side)

• च (ca) - and, also

• इतः (itaḥ) - there (part of 'here and there') (from here, hither, on this side)

• च (ca) - and, also

• योज्यते (yojyate) - is moved, is swayed (is directed, is applied, is joined)

• भावैः (bhāvaiḥ) - by various impulses or external objects (by mental states, by emotions, by objects of sense)

• तथा (tathā) - in the same way, similarly, thus

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• चेतः (cetaḥ) - mind, consciousness

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - inner (mind) (inside, within, internal)

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative particle) (what, why)

• इव (iva) - indeed (rhetorical emphasis) (as, like, as it were)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists, there is

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult, hard to do, impossible

Words meanings and morphology

अयत्नेन (ayatnena) - without effort, effortlessly, easily

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ayatna

ayatna - without effort, ease, non-exertion

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: 'a' (not) + 'yatna' (effort).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yatna)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• yatna – effort, exertion, endeavor
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'yat' (to endeavor) + 'na' suffix.
  Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

Correlative conjunction introducing a simile.

बालः (bālaḥ) - child, boy, young one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young one, naive person

Note: Subject of the simile.

इतः (itaḥ) - here (part of 'here and there') (from here, hither, on this side)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'idam' (this) + 'tas' suffix.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

इतः (itaḥ) - there (part of 'here and there') (from here, hither, on this side)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'idam' (this) + 'tas' suffix.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

योज्यते (yojyate) - is moved, is swayed (is directed, is applied, is joined)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of yuj

Present Passive

Formed from root 'yuj' (class 7) with 'ya' suffix for passive, middle voice.

Root: yuj (class 7)

भावैः (bhāvaiḥ) - by various impulses or external objects (by mental states, by emotions, by objects of sense)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - being, existence, state, condition, feeling, emotion, object of sense

From root 'bhū' (to be) + 'a' suffix.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'yojyate'.

तथा (tathā) - in the same way, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

Correlative conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Particle.

चेतः (cetaḥ) - mind, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetas

cetas - mind, consciousness, intellect, heart

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Subject of the main clause.

अन्तः (antaḥ) - inner (mind) (inside, within, internal)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form, also used as a prefix. Here likely modifying 'cetaḥ' or forming a loose compound.

Note: Indicates the 'inner' aspect of the mind.

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative particle) (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

इव (iva) - indeed (rhetorical emphasis) (as, like, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison or doubt, also used for rhetorical emphasis.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Refers to the current situation/topic.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists, there is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Present indicative

Root 'as' (class 2). Third person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult, hard to do, impossible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult, hard to do, impossible, arduous

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'dus' (difficult/bad) + 'kara' (doing/making).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• kara – making, doing, performing, doer
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'a' suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective to 'kim'.