वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-30, verse-28

ततः क्रुद्धेन तेनासि शप्तः परमतेजसा ।
गतो ऽसि येन देवेन्द्र दशाभागविपर्ययम् ॥२८॥

28. tataḥ kruddhena tenāsi śaptaḥ paramatejasā ,
gato'si yena devendra daśābhāgaviparyayam.

28. tataḥ kruddhena tena asi śaptaḥ paramatejasā
gataḥ asi yena devendra daśābhāgaviparyayam

28. devendra tataḥ kruddhena paramatejasā tena
asi śaptaḥ yena daśābhāgaviparyayam gataḥ asi

28. Then, by that enraged sage of supreme power, you were cursed, O King of Gods (Devendra), such that you underwent a complete reversal of your state (daśā).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• क्रुद्धेन (kruddhena) - by the enraged one, by the angry one

• तेन (tena) - by him

• असि (asi) - you are

• शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - cursed

• परमतेजसा (paramatejasā) - by one of supreme power/luster

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, obtained

• असि (asi) - you are

• येन (yena) - by which, such that

• देवेन्द्र (devendra) - O King of Gods (Indra)

• दशाभागविपर्ययम् (daśābhāgaviparyayam) - complete reversal of one's current state or circumstances (reversal of the state/fortune)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धेन (kruddhena) - by the enraged one, by the angry one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √krudh (to be angry) + kta suffix

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'tena' (him, the sage).

तेन (tena) - by him

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sage, acting as the agent of the curse.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root verb 'to be'

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for the passive construction 'śaptaḥ asi'.

शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - cursed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śapta

śapta - cursed, sworn, invoked

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śap (to curse, swear) + kta suffix

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb 'you were cursed'.

परमतेजसा (paramatejasā) - by one of supreme power/luster

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paramatejas

paramatejas - one of supreme power, great luster, utmost splendor

Compound type : bahuvrihi (parama+tejas)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• tejas – luster, splendor, power, spiritual energy
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tena' (the sage).

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, obtained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go) + kta suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as main verb 'you went/obtained' with 'asi'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root verb 'to be'

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for 'gataḥ'.

येन (yena) - by which, such that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to the curse, indicating its effect.

देवेन्द्र (devendra) - O King of Gods (Indra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of devendra

devendra - king of gods, Indra

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+indra)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• indra – chief, lord, god Indra
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Indra.

दशाभागविपर्ययम् (daśābhāgaviparyayam) - complete reversal of one's current state or circumstances (reversal of the state/fortune)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśābhāgaviparyaya

daśābhāgaviparyaya - reversal of one's state or fortune, complete change of circumstances

Compound type : tatpurusha (daśābhāga+viparyaya)

• daśābhāga – state, condition, part of destiny/fortune
  noun (masculine)
• viparyaya – reversal, inversion, adverse change
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+pari
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'gataḥ asi'.