वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-30, verse-25

स तया सह धर्मात्मा रमते स्म महामुनिः ।
आसन्निराशा देवास्तु गौतमे दत्तया तया ॥२५॥

25. sa tayā saha dharmātmā ramate sma mahāmuniḥ ,
āsannirāśā devāstu gautame dattayā tayā.

25. saḥ tayā saha dharmātmā ramate sma mahāmuniḥ
āsan nirāśā devāḥ tu gautame dattayā tayā

25. saḥ dharmātmā mahāmuniḥ tayā saha ramate sma
tu devāḥ gautame dattayā tayā nirāśā āsan

25. That great sage (mahāmuni), whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness, was enjoying himself with her. But the gods became hopeless because she was given to Gautama.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Gautama (he, that (masculine))

• तया (tayā) - with the woman (Ahalya) (with her, by her (feminine))

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the great sage Gautama, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness (the virtuous one, the righteous one)

• रमते (ramate) - enjoys, delights, sports

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

• महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - Gautama (the great sage)

• आसन् (āsan) - they were, became

• निराशा (nirāśā) - without hope, despairing, hopeless

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• गौतमे (gautame) - to Gautama, regarding Gautama

• दत्तया (dattayā) - by the woman having been given (by the one given (feminine))

• तया (tayā) - by the woman (Ahalya) (by her (feminine))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Gautama (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Gautama.

तया (tayā) - with the woman (Ahalya) (with her, by her (feminine))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to the woman (Ahalya).

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the great sage Gautama, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness (the virtuous one, the righteous one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous, virtuous, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Gautama.

रमते (ramate) - enjoys, delights, sports

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √ram

1st conjugation, Ātmanepada, Present tense

Root: ram (class 1)

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

Note: Converts the present tense 'ramate' into a past continuous action (was enjoying).

महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - Gautama (the great sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• muni – sage, ascetic
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'ramate sma'.

आसन् (āsan) - they were, became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √as

2nd conjugation, Parasmaipada, Imperfect tense

Root: as (class 2)

निराशा (nirāśā) - without hope, despairing, hopeless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirāśa

nirāśa - without hope, despairing

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āśā)

• nis – without, out, negation
  indeclinable
  Prefix for negation
• āśā – hope, expectation
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: āśiṣ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'devāḥ'.

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'āsan'.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

गौतमे (gautame) - to Gautama, regarding Gautama

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama (proper name of a sage)

Note: Indicates the recipient or object of the action in 'dattayā'.

दत्तया (dattayā) - by the woman having been given (by the one given (feminine))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the woman (Ahalya) being given, agrees with 'tayā'. This instrumental indicates the cause.

तया (tayā) - by the woman (Ahalya) (by her (feminine))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to the woman (Ahalya). This instrumental denotes the cause or reason for the gods' despair (due to her being given).