वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-30, verse-16

तं तु दृष्ट्वा तथाभूतं प्राह देवः प्रजापतिः ।
शक्रक्रतो किमुत्कण्ठां करोषि स्मर दुष्कृतम् ॥१६॥

16. taṃ tu dṛṣṭvā tathābhūtaṃ prāha devaḥ prajāpatiḥ ,
śakrakrato kimutkaṇṭhāṃ karoṣi smara duṣkṛtam.

16. tam tu dṛṣṭvā tathābhūtam prāha devaḥ prajāpatiḥ
śakrakrato kim utkaṇṭhām karoṣi smara duṣkṛtam

16. prajāpatiḥ devaḥ tam tathābhūtam dṛṣṭvā tu prāha
he śakrakrato kim utkaṇṭhām karoṣi duṣkṛtam smara

16. Lord Prajāpati, seeing him in that state, said: "O Indra, what longing or anxiety do you feel? Remember your past misdeed."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Indra) (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, and

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• तथाभूतम् (tathābhūtam) - being in such a state, having become thus

• प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke

• देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity, lord

• प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati (a creator deity, lord of creation)

• शक्रक्रतो (śakrakrato) - O Indra, in the context of his previous misdeeds and greatness. (O Indra (epithet: one who performed a hundred Vedic rituals))

• किम् (kim) - why, indicating a question or disapproval (what, why, how)

• उत्कण्ठाम् (utkaṇṭhām) - longing, yearning, anxiety, eagerness

• करोषि (karoṣi) - you feel (anxiety) (you do, you make)

• स्मर (smara) - remember

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeed, evil action, sin

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Indra) (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - indeed, but, and

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'dṛś' (to see) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तथाभूतम् (tathābhūtam) - being in such a state, having become thus

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathābhūta

tathābhūta - become thus, being in such a condition, in that state

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+bhūta)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, been, existing, past; a being
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'bhū' (to be) with the past passive participle suffix -ta.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of pra-ah

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular perfect tense of the root 'ah' with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity, lord

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being, lord, king

Root: div (class 4)

प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati (a creator deity, lord of creation)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajāpati

prajāpati - lord of creatures, progenitor, creator, a name for Brahmā or other divine beings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prajā+pati)

• prajā – offspring, progeny, creatures, subjects
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

शक्रक्रतो (śakrakrato) - O Indra, in the context of his previous misdeeds and greatness. (O Indra (epithet: one who performed a hundred Vedic rituals))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śakrakratu

śakrakratu - one who has performed a hundred Vedic rituals (yajña); an epithet of Indra

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śakra+kratu)

• śakra – Indra; powerful
  proper noun (masculine)
• kratu – Vedic ritual, sacrifice; power; resolve
  noun (masculine)

किम् (kim) - why, indicating a question or disapproval (what, why, how)

(indeclinable)

उत्कण्ठाम् (utkaṇṭhām) - longing, yearning, anxiety, eagerness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of utkaṇṭhā

utkaṇṭhā - longing, yearning, eagerness, anxiety, regret

करोषि (karoṣi) - you feel (anxiety) (you do, you make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (Lat) of kṛ

Present Indicative Mood

2nd person singular present indicative of the root 'kṛ'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

स्मर (smara) - remember

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Lot) of smṛ

Imperative Mood

2nd person singular imperative of the root 'smṛ'

Root: smṛ (class 1)

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeed, evil action, sin

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - misdeed, evil action, wrong deed, sin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult (prefix)
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed; deed, act
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'kṛ' (to do) with the past passive participle suffix -ta.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)