वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-30, verse-2

तं रावणं समासाद्य पुत्रभ्रातृभिरावृतम् ।
अब्रवीद्गगने तिष्ठन् सान्त्वपूर्वं प्रजापतिः ॥२॥

2. taṃ rāvaṇaṃ samāsādya putrabhrātṛbhirāvṛtam ,
abravīdgagane tiṣṭhan sāntvapūrvaṃ prajāpatiḥ.

2. tam rāvaṇam samāsādya putrabhrātṛbhiḥ āvṛtam
abravīt gagane tiṣṭhan sāntvapurvam prajāpatiḥ

2. prajāpatiḥ gagane tiṣṭhan,
putrabhrātṛbhiḥ āvṛtam tam rāvaṇam samāsādya,
sāntvapurvam abravīt.

2. Prajāpati, standing in the sky, approached that Rāvaṇa, who was surrounded by his sons and brothers, and spoke, beginning with words of comfort.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that Rāvaṇa (that, him)

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa (proper noun)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached

• पुत्रभ्रातृभिः (putrabhrātṛbhiḥ) - by sons and brothers

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - surrounded by his sons and brothers (surrounded, covered)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke

• गगने (gagane) - in the sky

• तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - standing, being present

• सान्त्वपुर्वम् (sāntvapurvam) - preceded by comforting words, with conciliatory words first

• प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Lord Brahmā (Prajāpati (lord of creatures, Brahmā))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that Rāvaṇa (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (the name of the demon king of Laṅkā)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed from root sad (to go, sit) with prefixes sam and ā, and suffix -ya

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

पुत्रभ्रातृभिः (putrabhrātṛbhiḥ) - by sons and brothers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putrabhrātṛ

putrabhrātṛ - sons and brothers

Compound type : dvandva (putra+bhrātṛ)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• bhrātṛ – brother
  noun (masculine)

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - surrounded by his sons and brothers (surrounded, covered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, enveloped

past passive participle

formed from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: modifies Rāvaṇam

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect past tense

Root: brū (class 2)

गगने (gagane) - in the sky

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, firmament

तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - standing, being present

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, staying, being

present active participle

formed from root sthā (to stand) in present tense, with suffix -at

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: modifies Prajāpatiḥ

सान्त्वपुर्वम् (sāntvapurvam) - preceded by comforting words, with conciliatory words first

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāntvapurva

sāntvapurva - preceded by conciliation, having conciliation as its beginning

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sāntva+purva)

• sāntva – comfort, conciliation, gentle words
  noun (neuter)
• purva – prior, preceding, first
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to describe the manner of speaking.

प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Lord Brahmā (Prajāpati (lord of creatures, Brahmā))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajāpati

prajāpati - lord of creatures, progenitor, a title of Brahmā

Compound type : tatpurusha (prajā+pati)

• prajā – creatures, progeny, subjects
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)