वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-87, verse-9

स ददर्श ततो रामं तिष्ठन्तमपराजितम् ।
लक्ष्मणेन सह भ्रात्रा विष्णुना वासवं यथा ॥९॥

9. sa dadarśa tato rāmaṃ tiṣṭhantamaparājitam ,
lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā viṣṇunā vāsavaṃ yathā.

9. sa dadarśa tataḥ rāmam tiṣṭhantam aparājitam
lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā viṣṇunā vāsavam yathā

9. sa tataḥ dadarśa rāmam aparājitam tiṣṭhantam
lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā viṣṇunā vāsavam yathā

9. He then saw Rāma standing unconquered, accompanied by his brother Lakṣmaṇa, just as Viṣṇu stands with Vāsava (Indra).

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - He (referring to the observer, likely Rāvaṇa from context) (he, that)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he beheld)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma (Rāma (accusative))

• तिष्ठन्तम् (tiṣṭhantam) - standing (standing, remaining)

• अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquered (unconquered, undefeated)

• लक्ष्मणेन (lakṣmaṇena) - with Lakṣmaṇa (by Lakṣmaṇa, with Lakṣmaṇa)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

• भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - with (his) brother (by brother, with brother)

• विष्णुना (viṣṇunā) - like (with) Viṣṇu (by Viṣṇu, with Viṣṇu)

• वासवम् (vāsavam) - Vāsava (Indra) (Vāsava (Indra, accusative))

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - He (referring to the observer, likely Rāvaṇa from context) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of `dadarśa`.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect Tense

Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd person singular active.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

(indeclinable)

`tas` suffix meaning 'from' or 'then'.

Note: Connects to previous action/verse.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma (Rāma (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper noun, name of the hero of Rāmāyaṇa)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of `dadarśa`.

तिष्ठन्तम् (tiṣṭhantam) - standing (standing, remaining)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, existing, remaining

Present Active Participle

From root `sthā` (to stand) in present tense, with `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rāmam`.

अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquered (unconquered, undefeated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aparājita

aparājita - unconquered, undefeated, invincible

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Formed from root `ji` (to conquer) with prefix `parā` and negative prefix `a`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (negative) (a+parājita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable (prefix)
• parājita – conquered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `ji` (to conquer) with prefix `parā`.
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rāmam`.

लक्ष्मणेन (lakṣmaṇena) - with Lakṣmaṇa (by Lakṣmaṇa, with Lakṣmaṇa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakṣmaṇa (proper noun, Rāma's younger brother)

Note: Used with `saha` to indicate accompaniment.

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - with (his) brother (by brother, with brother)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Used with `saha`, refers to Lakṣmaṇa.

विष्णुना (viṣṇunā) - like (with) Viṣṇu (by Viṣṇu, with Viṣṇu)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Viṣṇu (proper noun, a major deity)

Root: viṣ (class 3)

Note: Used in a comparison, grammatically parallel to `lakṣmaṇena`.

वासवम् (vāsavam) - Vāsava (Indra) (Vāsava (Indra, accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Vāsava (an epithet of Indra, chief of the gods)

Patronymic from Vasu.

Note: Object in the simile's implied accompanying relationship with `Viṣṇu`.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)