वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-87, verse-19

स संख्ये राममासाद्य क्रोधसंरक्तलोचनः ।
व्यसृजच्छरवर्षानि रावणो राघवोपरि ॥१९॥

19. sa saṃkhye rāmamāsādya krodhasaṃraktalocanaḥ ,
vyasṛjaccharavarṣāni rāvaṇo rāghavopari.

19. saḥ saṃkhye rāmam āsādya krodhasaṃraktalocanaḥ
vyasṛjat śaravarṣāni rāvaṇaḥ rāghava upari

19. saḥ rāvaṇaḥ saṃkhye rāmam āsādya krodhasaṃraktalocanaḥ
rāghava upari śaravarṣāni vyasṛjat

19. Upon encountering Rama in battle, Ravana, whose eyes were red with rage, unleashed showers of arrows upon him.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Ravana) (he, that)

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration, in calculation)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having encountered (having approached, having reached, having attacked)

• क्रोधसंरक्तलोचनः (krodhasaṁraktalocanaḥ) - whose eyes are red with anger

• व्यसृजत् (vyasṛjat) - he unleashed/discharged (he released, discharged, created)

• शरवर्षानि (śaravarṣāni) - showers of arrows

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

• राघव (rāghava) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

• उपरि (upari) - upon (above, upon, over)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Ravana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of the implied verb (or 'vyasṛjat' later).

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration, in calculation)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṃkhyā

saṁkhyā - enumeration, calculation, battle, encounter

From saṃ + √khyā (to perceive, enumerate)

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Adverbial locative of place/context.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the epic hero)

Note: Object of 'āsādya'.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having encountered (having approached, having reached, having attacked)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From prefix ā + root √sad (to sit, approach) + suffix -ya (for prefixed gerund)

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Gerund.

क्रोधसंरक्तलोचनः (krodhasaṁraktalocanaḥ) - whose eyes are red with anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhasaṃraktalocana

krodhasaṁraktalocana - whose eyes are red with anger

Bahuvrihi compound: krodha (anger) + saṃrakta (reddened) + locana (eye)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (krodha+saṃrakta+locana)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From √krudh (to be angry)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• saṃrakta – reddened, dyed red, deeply attached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From saṃ + √rañj (to color, dye)
  Prefix: saṃ
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• locana – eye, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  From √loc (to see)
  Root: loc (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'rāvaṇaḥ'.

व्यसृजत् (vyasṛjat) - he unleashed/discharged (he released, discharged, created)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of √sṛj

Imperfect (Laṅ)

From prefix vi + aorist/imperfect of √sṛj.

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

शरवर्षानि (śaravarṣāni) - showers of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows

Tatpurusha compound: śara (arrow) + varṣa (rain/shower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower, year
  noun (neuter)
  From √vṛṣ (to rain)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vyasṛjat'.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana

Note: Repetition of subject for emphasis.

राघव (rāghava) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Patronymic from Raghu

Note: Part of the compound 'rāghavopari' (over Raghu/Rama).

उपरि (upari) - upon (above, upon, over)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb

Note: Forms a compound with rāghava.