वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-87, verse-5

स दिशो दश घोषेण रथस्यातिरथो महान् ।
नादयन्प्रययौ तूर्णं राघवं चाभ्यवर्तत ॥५॥

5. sa diśo daśa ghoṣeṇa rathasyātiratho mahān ,
nādayanprayayau tūrṇaṃ rāghavaṃ cābhyavartata.

5. saḥ diśaḥ daśa ghoṣeṇa rathasya atirathaḥ mahān
nādayan prayayau tūrṇam rāghavam ca abhyavartata

5. saḥ mahān atirathaḥ rathasya ghoṣeṇa daśa diśaḥ
nādayan tūrṇam prayayau ca rāghavam abhyavartata

5. That great, mighty warrior, Rāvaṇa, making the ten directions resound with the roar of his chariot, swiftly proceeded and turned towards Rāghava.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• घोषेण (ghoṣeṇa) - with the roar (by sound, with a roar, with a noise)

• रथस्य (rathasya) - of his chariot (of the chariot)

• अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - a mighty warrior (a great warrior, a warrior who can fight a thousand charioteers)

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty (great, mighty, large)

• नादयन् (nādayan) - making resound (making resound, causing to roar)

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went forth, proceeded (he went forth, proceeded, departed)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, rapidly)

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rāma) (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, i.e., Rāma))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he advanced upon, turned towards (he turned towards, he advanced upon, he approached)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular of the demonstrative pronoun tad.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region, point of the compass

From root diś (to show). Declined in feminine accusative plural.

Root: diś (class 6)

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Functions as an adjective for diśaḥ.

घोषेण (ghoṣeṇa) - with the roar (by sound, with a roar, with a noise)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ghoṣa

ghoṣa - sound, noise, roar, cry, thunder

From root ghuṣ (to sound) + suffix a.

Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

रथस्य (rathasya) - of his chariot (of the chariot)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root ram (to delight) or ṛ (to go).

Root: ram / ṛ (class 1)

अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - a mighty warrior (a great warrior, a warrior who can fight a thousand charioteers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - a great warrior, a very mighty warrior (literally 'above chariots')

Tatpuruṣa compound: ati (exceeding) + ratha (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+ratha)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, excessively
  indeclinable
  Prefix or adverb.
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in context of 'charioteer')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as an appellation for Rāvaṇa.

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty (great, mighty, large)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, mighty, large, eminent

Present Active Participle

From root mah or mā, present participle suffix śatṛ, masculine nominative singular.

Root: mah / mā (class 1)

नादयन् (nādayan) - making resound (making resound, causing to roar)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nādayat

nādayat - making sound, causing to roar, making resound

Present Active Participle (causative)

From causative stem of root nad (to sound, roar) + present participle suffix śatṛ. Declined in masculine nominative singular.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went forth, proceeded (he went forth, proceeded, departed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of prayā

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Prefix pra + root yā (to go) + perfect tense formation, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, rapidly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root tvar (to hasten) + kta suffix, used adverbially in neuter accusative singular form.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used as an adverb.

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rāma) (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, i.e., Rāma))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rāma (proper noun)

From raghu + aṇ suffix.

Note: Refers to Rāma.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he advanced upon, turned towards (he turned towards, he advanced upon, he approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (Laṅ) of abhyavṛt

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ) or Aorist Tense (Luṅ) Middle

Prefixes abhi + ava + root vṛt (to turn) + middle voice imperfect/aorist ending, 3rd person singular.

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Often used with accusative to mean 'to attack' or 'to turn towards'.