वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-45, verse-42

ततः प्रहस्तः कपिराजवाहिनीमभिप्रतस्थे विजयाय दुर्मतिः ।
विवृद्धवेगां च विवेश तां चमूं यथा मुमूर्षुः शलभो विभावसुम् ॥४२॥

42. tataḥ prahastaḥ kapirājavāhinīmabhipratasthe vijayāya durmatiḥ ,
vivṛddhavegāṃ ca viveśa tāṃ camūṃ yathā mumūrṣuḥ śalabho vibhāvasum.

42. tataḥ prahastaḥ kapirāja-vāhinīm
abhipratasthe vijayāya durmatiḥ
vivṛddhavegām ca viveśa tām camūm
yathā mumūrṣuḥ śalabhaḥ vibhāvasum

42. tataḥ durmatiḥ prahastaḥ vijayāya
kapirāja-vāhinīm abhipratasthe ca
vivṛddhavegām tām camūm viveśa
yathā mumūrṣuḥ śalabhaḥ vibhāvasum

42. Then Prahasta, ill-advised and seeking victory, advanced towards the monkey king's army. He plunged into that fiercely surging host, just as a moth, desiring its own destruction, flies into a blazing fire.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• प्रहस्तः (prahastaḥ) - Prahasta

• कपिराज-वाहिनीम् (kapirāja-vāhinīm) - the army of the monkey king

• अभिप्रतस्थे (abhipratasthe) - advanced towards, set out towards

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - foolish, ill-minded, ill-advised

• विवृद्धवेगाम् (vivṛddhavegām) - greatly increased in speed/force, fiercely surging

• च (ca) - and

• विवेश (viveśa) - entered, plunged into

• ताम् (tām) - that

• चमूम् (camūm) - army, host

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• मुमूर्षुः (mumūrṣuḥ) - desiring to die, about to die

• शलभः (śalabhaḥ) - moth, grasshopper

• विभावसुम् (vibhāvasum) - fire

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

प्रहस्तः (prahastaḥ) - Prahasta

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasta

prahasta - Prahasta (name of a Rākṣasa, general of Rāvaṇa)

Note: Subject of 'abhipratasthe' and 'viveśa'.

कपिराज-वाहिनीम् (kapirāja-vāhinīm) - the army of the monkey king

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kapirāja-vāhinī

kapirāja-vāhinī - army of the monkey king

Compound type : Tatpurusha (kapirāja+vāhinī)

• kapirāja – king of monkeys
  noun (masculine)
• vāhinī – army, host
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of 'abhipratasthe'.

अभिप्रतस्थे (abhipratasthe) - advanced towards, set out towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

Perfect, ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: From `abhi-pra-√sthā`.

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Purpose of advancing.

दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - foolish, ill-minded, ill-advised

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, foolish, ill-advised; bad intellect

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (dus+mati)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill (prefix)
  indeclinable
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, intention
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'prahastaḥ'.

विवृद्धवेगाम् (vivṛddhavegām) - greatly increased in speed/force, fiercely surging

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vivṛddhavega

vivṛddhavega - greatly increased in speed/force, fiercely surging

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (vivṛddha+vega)

• vivṛddha – greatly increased, much grown
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi-√vṛdh (to grow)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impetuosity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'camūm'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विवेश (viveśa) - entered, plunged into

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of viś

Perfect, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: The verb for Prahasta's action.

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'camūm'.

चमूम् (camūm) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - army, host, troop

Note: Object of 'viveśa'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a simile.

मुमूर्षुः (mumūrṣuḥ) - desiring to die, about to die

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mumūrṣu

mumūrṣu - desiring to die, about to die, moribund

Desiderative Participle

From desiderative of √mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'śalabhaḥ'.

शलभः (śalabhaḥ) - moth, grasshopper

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalabha

śalabha - moth, grasshopper, locust

Note: Subject in the simile.

विभावसुम् (vibhāvasum) - fire

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vibhāvasu

vibhāvasu - fire, Agni; sun; moon

Note: Object in the simile.