वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-45, verse-36

ववर्षू रुधिरं चास्य सिषिचुश्च पुरःसरान् ।
केतुमूर्धनि गृध्रो ऽस्य विलीनो दक्षिणामुखः ॥३६॥

36. vavarṣū rudhiraṃ cāsya siṣicuśca puraḥsarān ,
ketumūrdhani gṛdhro'sya vilīno dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ.

36. vavarṣuḥ rudhiram ca asya siṣicuḥ ca puraḥsarān
ketumūrdhani gṛdhraḥ asya vilīnaḥ dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ

36. Blood rained upon him, and it was sprinkled on his vanguard. A vulture settled on the top of his banner, facing south.

Words meanings summery:

• ववर्षुः (vavarṣuḥ) - (impersonally) it rained (rained, showered)

• रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अस्य (asya) - of (the leader mentioned in previous context, possibly Duryodhana or the general leading the army) (of him, his, of this)

• सिषिचुः (siṣicuḥ) - sprinkled, showered upon

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• पुरःसरान् (puraḥsarān) - the soldiers in the vanguard of the army (vanguards, those who go in front, leaders)

• केतुमूर्धनि (ketumūrdhani) - on the top of the banner, on the head of the flag

• गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - vulture, ravenous, greedy

• अस्य (asya) - of him, his, of this

• विलीनः (vilīnaḥ) - (a vulture) settled, perched (settled, dissolved, merged, disappeared)

• दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - south-facing, having the face turned to the south

Words meanings and morphology

ववर्षुः (vavarṣuḥ) - (impersonally) it rained (rained, showered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vṛṣ

Perfect active third person plural

Reduplicated perfect form of root vṛṣ. Used here impersonally, or plural subject (unspecified dark forces, clouds etc).

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rudhira

rudhira - blood, red

Note: Object of vavarṣuḥ and siṣicuḥ.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of (the leader mentioned in previous context, possibly Duryodhana or the general leading the army) (of him, his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Genitive singular masculine/neuter of idam.

Note: Refers to the main subject of the narrative.

सिषिचुः (siṣicuḥ) - sprinkled, showered upon

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sic

Perfect active third person plural

Reduplicated perfect form of root sic.

Root: sic (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

पुरःसरान् (puraḥsarān) - the soldiers in the vanguard of the army (vanguards, those who go in front, leaders)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of puraḥsara

puraḥsara - going before, leading, vanguard, forerunner

Compound of puras (before) and sara (going, moving, from root sṛ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puras+sara)

• puras – before, in front of, eastward
  indeclinable
• sara – going, moving, leading
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root sṛ with suffix -a.
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of siṣicuḥ.

केतुमूर्धनि (ketumūrdhani) - on the top of the banner, on the head of the flag

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ketumūrdhan

ketumūrdhan - top of the banner, flagstaff head

Compound of ketu (banner) and mūrdhan (head, top).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ketu+mūrdhan)

• ketu – banner, flag, sign, comet, leader
  noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – head, top, summit
  noun (masculine)

गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - vulture, ravenous, greedy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, ravenous, greedy, keen

From root gṛdh (to be greedy, to desire).

Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Subject of vilīnaḥ.

अस्य (asya) - of him, his, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Genitive singular masculine/neuter of idam.

Note: Refers to the main subject of the narrative.

विलीनः (vilīnaḥ) - (a vulture) settled, perched (settled, dissolved, merged, disappeared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vilīna

vilīna - dissolved, merged, hidden, settled down, absorbed

Past Passive Participle

From vi + root lī (to cling, dissolve, hide). Here, to settle or perch.

Prefix: vi

Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Functions adjectivally to describe the vulture.

दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - south-facing, having the face turned to the south

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇāmukha

dakṣiṇāmukha - south-facing, having the face turned to the south

Compound of dakṣiṇā (south) and mukha (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dakṣiṇā+mukha)

• dakṣiṇā – south, right (direction)
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)