वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-45, verse-27

ततस्तं रथमास्थाय रावणार्पितशासनः ।
लङ्काया निर्ययौ तूर्णं बलेन महता वृतः ॥२७॥

27. tatastaṃ rathamāsthāya rāvaṇārpitaśāsanaḥ ,
laṅkāyā niryayau tūrṇaṃ balena mahatā vṛtaḥ.

27. tataḥ tam ratham āsthāya rāvaṇārpitaśāsanaḥ
laṅkāyāḥ niryayau tūrṇam balena mahatā vṛtaḥ

27. rāvaṇārpitaśāsanaḥ tataḥ tam ratham āsthāya
mahatā balena vṛtaḥ tūrṇam laṅkāyāḥ niryayau

27. Then, having ascended that chariot, he, who had been given Rāvaṇa's command, swiftly departed from Laṅkā, surrounded by a mighty army.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from there

• तम् (tam) - that (masculine accusative singular)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having ascended, having mounted

• रावणार्पितशासनः (rāvaṇārpitaśāsanaḥ) - one to whom Rāvaṇa's command was given, commanded by Rāvaṇa

• लङ्कायाः (laṅkāyāḥ) - from Laṅkā

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - went forth, departed

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• बलेन (balena) - by force, by an army

• महता (mahatā) - by a great (army/force)

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, accompanied

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from there

(indeclinable)

Note: Avyaya.

तम् (tam) - that (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ramh (class 1)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having ascended, having mounted

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā.

रावणार्पितशासनः (rāvaṇārpitaśāsanaḥ) - one to whom Rāvaṇa's command was given, commanded by Rāvaṇa

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇārpitaśāsana

rāvaṇārpitaśāsana - he whose command is given by Rāvaṇa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rāvaṇa+arpita+śāsana)

• rāvaṇa – Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Laṅkā)
  proper noun (masculine)
• arpita – given, offered, entrusted
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the causative of root ṛ (to go), i.e., arpayati (to give).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• śāsana – command, rule, instruction
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root śās (to teach, to command).
  Root: śās (class 2)

लङ्कायाः (laṅkāyāḥ) - from Laṅkā

(proper noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (name of the capital of Rāvaṇa)

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - went forth, departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

बलेन (balena) - by force, by an army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

महता (mahatā) - by a great (army/force)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Agrees with balena.

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, accompanied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Prahastha).