वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-45, verse-4

रुद्धां तु नगरीं दृष्ट्वा रावणो राक्षसेश्वरः ।
उवाचामर्षितः काले प्रहस्तं युद्धकोविदम् ॥४॥

4. ruddhāṃ tu nagarīṃ dṛṣṭvā rāvaṇo rākṣaseśvaraḥ ,
uvācāmarṣitaḥ kāle prahastaṃ yuddhakovidam.

4. ruddhām tu nagarīm dṛṣṭvā rāvaṇaḥ rākṣaseśvaraḥ
uvāca amarṣitaḥ kāle prahastaṃ yuddhakaovidam

4. rākṣaseśvaraḥ rāvaṇaḥ tu nagarīm ruddhām dṛṣṭvā
amarṣitaḥ kāle yuddhakaovidam prahastaṃ uvāca

4. Having seen the city besieged, Rāvaṇa, the lord of (rākṣasas), angered, spoke opportunely to Prahasta, who was skilled in warfare.

Words meanings summery:

• रुद्धाम् (ruddhām) - besieged (the city) (obstructed, besieged, stopped)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the observation) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• नगरीम् (nagarīm) - city (city, town)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (proper name))

• राक्षसेश्वरः (rākṣaseśvaraḥ) - lord of (rākṣasas) (lord of rākṣasas, king of demons)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

• अमर्षितः (amarṣitaḥ) - angered (angered, enraged, intolerant)

• काले (kāle) - opportunely, at the proper time (at the time, in time, opportunely)

• प्रहस्तं (prahastaṁ) - Prahasta (Prahasta (proper name))

• युद्धकओविदम् (yuddhakaovidam) - skilled in warfare (skilled in war, experienced in battle)

Words meanings and morphology

रुद्धाम् (ruddhām) - besieged (the city) (obstructed, besieged, stopped)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ruddha

ruddha - obstructed, besieged, stopped

Past Passive Participle

From √rudh (to obstruct, besiege) with suffix -ta.

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'nagarīm'.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the observation) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

नगरीम् (nagarīm) - city (city, town)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nagarī

nagarī - city, town

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'uvāca'.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Laṅkā)

राक्षसेश्वरः (rākṣaseśvaraḥ) - lord of (rākṣasas) (lord of rākṣasas, king of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣaseśvara

rākṣaseśvara - lord of rākṣasas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+īśvara)

• rākṣasa – a rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'rakṣas' with 'aṇ' suffix.
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Apposition to 'Rāvaṇaḥ'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect (lit)

Perfect 3rd person singular active of √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

अमर्षितः (amarṣitaḥ) - angered (angered, enraged, intolerant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣita

amarṣita - angered, enraged, intolerant

Past Passive Participle

From √mṛṣ (to endure, tolerate) with 'a-' (negative) and suffix -ta.

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'Rāvaṇaḥ'.

काले (kāle) - opportunely, at the proper time (at the time, in time, opportunely)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

प्रहस्तं (prahastaṁ) - Prahasta (Prahasta (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prahasta

prahasta - Prahasta (name of a rākṣasa general)

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

युद्धकओविदम् (yuddhakaovidam) - skilled in warfare (skilled in war, experienced in battle)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yuddhakaovida

yuddhakaovida - skilled in war, expert in battle

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (yuddha+kovida)

• yuddha – war, battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
  From √yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• kovida – skilled, expert, clever
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'Prahastaṃ'.