वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-45, verse-3

तां राक्षसगणैर्गुप्तां गुल्मैर्बहुभिरावृताम् ।
ददर्श नगरीं लङ्कां पताकाध्वजमालिनीम् ॥३॥

3. tāṃ rākṣasagaṇairguptāṃ gulmairbahubhirāvṛtām ,
dadarśa nagarīṃ laṅkāṃ patākādhvajamālinīm.

3. tām rākṣasagaṇaiḥ guptām gulmaiḥ bahubhiḥ āvṛtām
dadarśa nagarīm laṅkām patākādhvajamālinīm

3. dadarśa tām nagarīm laṅkām rākṣasagaṇaiḥ guptām
bahubhiḥ gulmaiḥ āvṛtām patākādhvajamālinīm

3. He saw that city, Laṅkā, guarded by hosts of (rākṣasas) and surrounded by many thickets, adorned with rows of banners and flags.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (city Laṅkā) (that, her)

• राक्षसगणैः (rākṣasagaṇaiḥ) - by hosts of (rākṣasas) (by hosts of rākṣasas, by groups of demons)

• गुप्ताम् (guptām) - guarded (by rākṣasas) (guarded, protected, hidden)

• गुल्मैः (gulmaiḥ) - by thickets (by thickets, by bushes, by troops, by clusters)

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many (thickets) (by many)

• आवृताम् (āvṛtām) - surrounded (by thickets) (surrounded, covered, enveloped)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• नगरीम् (nagarīm) - city (Laṅkā) (city, town)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - the city of Laṅkā (Laṅkā (proper name of a city))

• पताकाध्वजमालिनीम् (patākādhvajamālinīm) - adorned with rows of banners and flags

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (city Laṅkā) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Declined form of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

राक्षसगणैः (rākṣasagaṇaiḥ) - by hosts of (rākṣasas) (by hosts of rākṣasas, by groups of demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasagaṇa

rākṣasagaṇa - host of rākṣasas, group of demons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+gaṇa)

• rākṣasa – a rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'rakṣas' with 'aṇ' suffix.
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude
  noun (masculine)

गुप्ताम् (guptām) - guarded (by rākṣasas) (guarded, protected, hidden)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gupta

gupta - guarded, protected, hidden

Past Passive Participle

From √gup (to protect) with suffix -ta.

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective qualifying 'nagarīm'.

गुल्मैः (gulmaiḥ) - by thickets (by thickets, by bushes, by troops, by clusters)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gulma

gulma - thicket, bush; troop, company (of soldiers); spleen

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many (thickets) (by many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

Note: Qualifies 'gulmaiḥ'.

आवृताम् (āvṛtām) - surrounded (by thickets) (surrounded, covered, enveloped)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - surrounded, covered, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

From ā-√vṛ (to cover) with suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Functions as an adjective qualifying 'nagarīm'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √dṛś

Perfect (lit)

Perfect 3rd person singular active of √dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नगरीम् (nagarīm) - city (Laṅkā) (city, town)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nagarī

nagarī - city, town

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - the city of Laṅkā (Laṅkā (proper name of a city))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (name of the capital of Rāvaṇa)

पताकाध्वजमालिनीम् (patākādhvajamālinīm) - adorned with rows of banners and flags

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patākādhvajamālinī

patākādhvajamālinī - adorned with garlands of banners and flags

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (patākā+dhvaja+mālinī)

• patākā – banner, flag
  noun (feminine)
• dhvaja – flag, standard, banner
  noun (masculine)
• mālinī – garlanded, adorned with rows; a woman wearing a garland
  adjective (feminine)
  Derived from 'mālā' (garland) with suffix '-inī'.

Note: Qualifies 'nagarīm'.