वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-23, verse-40

अविदूरस्थितान् सर्वान्बलाध्यक्षान् हितैषिणः ।
अब्रवीत् कालसदृशो रावणो राक्षसाधिपः ॥४०॥

40. avidūrasthitān sarvānbalādhyakṣān hitaiṣiṇaḥ ,
abravīt kālasadṛśo rāvaṇo rākṣasādhipaḥ.

40. avidūrasthitān sarvān balādhyakṣān hitaiṣiṇaḥ
abravīt kālasadṛśaḥ rāvaṇaḥ rākṣasādhipaḥ

40. kālasadṛśaḥ rāvaṇaḥ rākṣasādhipaḥ avidūrasthitān
sarvān hitaiṣiṇaḥ balādhyakṣān abravīt

40. Rāvaṇa, the lord of the rākṣasas, who was like (Kāla) Death himself, addressed all the commanders, his well-wishers, who were standing nearby.

Words meanings summery:

• अविदूरस्थितान् (avidūrasthitān) - the commanders and well-wishers who were nearby (those standing not far off, nearby, close by)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

• बलाध्यक्षान् (balādhyakṣān) - commanders of the army, military chiefs

• हितैषिणः (hitaiṣiṇaḥ) - those who wished well for Rāvaṇa (well-wisher, benevolent, seeking welfare)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• कालसदृशः (kālasadṛśaḥ) - (Rāvaṇa) like the god of Death (Kāla) (resembling (Kāla) Death, like time)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - chief of rākṣasas, lord of rākṣasas

Words meanings and morphology

अविदूरस्थितान् (avidūrasthitān) - the commanders and well-wishers who were nearby (those standing not far off, nearby, close by)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of avidūrasthita

avidūrasthita - not far off, nearby

from a (not) + vidūra (far) + sthita (standing, past participle of √sthā)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+vidūra+sthita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vidūra – distant, far
  adjective
  from vi (apart) + dūra (far)
  Prefix: vi
• sthita – standing, situated, present
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

बलाध्यक्षान् (balādhyakṣān) - commanders of the army, military chiefs

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of balādhyakṣa

balādhyakṣa - commander of the army, military chief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+adhyakṣa)

• bala – strength, power, army, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 10)
• adhyakṣa – superintendent, chief, manager
  noun (masculine)
  from adhi-√īkṣ (to look over, oversee)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

हितैषिणः (hitaiṣiṇaḥ) - those who wished well for Rāvaṇa (well-wisher, benevolent, seeking welfare)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hitaiṣin

hitaiṣin - well-wisher, benevolent, desirous of welfare

from hita (welfare) + eṣin (desirous of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hita+eṣin)

• hita – beneficial, good, welfare
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √dhā (to place, do) + kta, becomes hita
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• eṣin – wishing, desiring, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √iṣ
  from √iṣ (to wish, desire) + -in
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of √brū

Root: brū (class 2)

कालसदृशः (kālasadṛśaḥ) - (Rāvaṇa) like the god of Death (Kāla) (resembling (Kāla) Death, like time)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālasadṛśa

kālasadṛśa - resembling time, resembling Death

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+sadṛśa)

• kāla – time, Death, the god of Death
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)
• sadṛśa – similar, resembling, like
  adjective (masculine)
  from sa (with) + dṛś (sight, appearance, from √dṛś)
  Prefix: sa
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper noun, king of Lanka)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - chief of rākṣasas, lord of rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasādhipa

rākṣasādhipa - chief/lord of rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+adhipa)

• rākṣasa – a demon, an evil being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• adhipa – ruler, chief, lord
  noun (masculine)
  from adhi-√pā (to protect, rule)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)