वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-23, verse-22

कस्मान्मामपहाय त्वं गतो गतिमतां वर ।
अस्माल् लोकादमुं लोकं त्यक्त्वा मामिह दुःखिताम् ॥२२॥

22. kasmānmāmapahāya tvaṃ gato gatimatāṃ vara ,
asmāl lokādamuṃ lokaṃ tyaktvā māmiha duḥkhitām.

22. kasmāt mām apahāya tvam gataḥ gatimatām vara
asmāt lokāt amum lokam tyaktvā mām iha duḥkhitām

22. O foremost among those who journey, why have you departed from this world to that other world, abandoning me, who is distressed here?

Words meanings summery:

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why, whence)

• माम् (mām) - me (the lamenting speaker) (me)

• अपहाय (apahāya) - having abandoned, having left

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (the deceased husband) (you)

• गतः (gataḥ) - departed (from life) (gone, departed)

• गतिमताम् (gatimatām) - of those who journey (in life or after death) (of those who have motion, of those who are swift, of those who journey)

• वर (vara) - O foremost (among those who journey) (O best, O excellent one, O boon-giver)

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this

• लोकात् (lokāt) - from this world (earthly existence) (from the world, from the realm)

• अमुम् (amum) - that

• लोकम् (lokam) - to that other world (afterlife) (world, realm)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• माम् (mām) - me (the lamenting speaker) (me)

• इह (iha) - here (on earth) (here, in this world)

• दुःखिताम् (duḥkhitām) - distressed (by your departure) (distressed, sorrowful, suffering)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why, whence)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

Note: Used here adverbially, meaning 'why'.

माम् (mām) - me (the lamenting speaker) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

First person singular pronoun.

अपहाय (apahāya) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'apa' and root 'hā' followed by suffix 'ya'.

Prefix: apa

Root: hā (class 3)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (the deceased husband) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person singular pronoun.

गतः (gataḥ) - departed (from life) (gone, departed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached, departed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used actively with 'tvam'.

गतिमताम् (gatimatām) - of those who journey (in life or after death) (of those who have motion, of those who are swift, of those who journey)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gatimat

gatimat - having motion, swift, intelligent, destination

Derived from 'gati' (motion, course) with possessive suffix 'matup'.

Note: Refers to living beings or souls on their journey.

वर (vara) - O foremost (among those who journey) (O best, O excellent one, O boon-giver)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, a boon, suitor

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'lokāt'.

लोकात् (lokāt) - from this world (earthly existence) (from the world, from the realm)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Derived from root 'lok' (to see).

Root: lok (class 1)

अमुम् (amum) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (yonder)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'lokam'.

लोकम् (lokam) - to that other world (afterlife) (world, realm)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Derived from root 'lok' (to see).

Root: lok (class 1)

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'tyaj' with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

माम् (mām) - me (the lamenting speaker) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Refers to the speaker.

इह (iha) - here (on earth) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

दुःखिताम् (duḥkhitām) - distressed (by your departure) (distressed, sorrowful, suffering)

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, suffering, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'duḥkha' (suffering) with suffix 'ita'.

Note: Adjectival use, modifying 'mām'.