वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-23, verse-14

अदृष्टं मृत्युमापन्नः कस्मात्त्वं नयशास्त्रवित् ।
व्यसनानामुपायज्ञः कुशलो ह्यसि वर्जने ॥१४॥

14. adṛṣṭaṃ mṛtyumāpannaḥ kasmāttvaṃ nayaśāstravit ,
vyasanānāmupāyajñaḥ kuśalo hyasi varjane.

14. adṛṣṭam mṛtyum āpannaḥ kasmāt tvam nayaśāstravit
vyasanānām upāyajñaḥ kuśalaḥ hi asi varjane

14. tvam nayaśāstravit vyasanānām upāyajñaḥ varjane
kuśalaḥ hi asi kasmāt adṛṣṭam mṛtyum āpannaḥ

14. O you who are skilled in ethics (nayaśāstra), knowledgeable about remedies for misfortunes, and indeed adept at avoiding them, why have you met an unseen death?

Words meanings summery:

• अदृष्टम् (adṛṣṭam) - unseen, unexpected, unforeseen

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death, demise

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having attained, reached, fallen into

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• नयशास्त्रवित् (nayaśāstravit) - expert in political science/ethics/policy

• व्यसनानाम् (vyasanānām) - of misfortunes, calamities, adversities

• उपायज्ञः (upāyajñaḥ) - knowing means, remedies, expedients

• कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skilled, expert, clever

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• असि (asi) - you are

• वर्जने (varjane) - in avoiding, in warding off

Words meanings and morphology

अदृष्टम् (adṛṣṭam) - unseen, unexpected, unforeseen

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adṛṣṭa

adṛṣṭa - unseen, unknown, unexpected; fate, destiny (as a neuter noun)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with prefix a- (negation).

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mṛtyum'.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death, demise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, dying, the god of death (Yama)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of 'āpannaḥ'.

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having attained, reached, fallen into

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - one who has attained, reached; fallen into

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain, reach) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Used adverbially here to mean 'why'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

नयशास्त्रवित् (nayaśāstravit) - expert in political science/ethics/policy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nayaśāstravid

nayaśāstravid - one who knows nayaśāstra (science of policy/ethics/political science)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nayaśāstra+vid)

• nayaśāstra – science of policy, ethics, political science
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knowing, one who knows, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Vocative usage here.

व्यसनानाम् (vyasanānām) - of misfortunes, calamities, adversities

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, addiction, vice

Note: Relates to 'upāyajñaḥ'.

उपायज्ञः (upāyajñaḥ) - knowing means, remedies, expedients

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāyajña

upāyajña - one who knows means/remedies/expedients

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upāya+jña)

• upāya – means, remedy, expedient, approach
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Vocative usage here.

कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skilled, expert, clever

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśala

kuśala - skilled, expert, clever; well-being, welfare (as noun)

Note: Vocative usage here.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Predicates the qualities of 'tvam'.

वर्जने (varjane) - in avoiding, in warding off

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of varjana

varjana - avoiding, abandonment, warding off

Root: vṛj (class 6)

Note: Relates to 'kuśalaḥ'.