वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-28, verse-11

निशाचरीणां प्रत्यक्षमक्षमं चाभिभाषणम् ।
कथं नु खलु कर्तव्यमिदं कृच्छ्र गतो ह्यहम् ॥११॥

11. niśācarīṇāṃ pratyakṣamakṣamaṃ cābhibhāṣaṇam ,
kathaṃ nu khalu kartavyamidaṃ kṛcchra gato hyaham.

11. niśācarīṇām pratyakṣam akṣamam ca abhibhāṣaṇam katham
nu khalu kartavyam idam kṛcchram gataḥ hi aham

11. Direct conversation with the female demons is impossible. How indeed should I accomplish this task, as I have fallen into great difficulty?

Words meanings summery:

• निशाचरीणाम् (niśācarīṇām) - of the female demons guarding Sītā (of the night-roamers, of the female demons, of the ogresses)

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - direct (in person, face-to-face) (direct, evident, perceptible, in front of the eyes)

• अक्षमम् (akṣamam) - impossible (to do) (impossible, incapable, unable)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अभिभाषणम् (abhibhāṣaṇam) - a conversation (with them) (speaking, conversation, address)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, now, therefore (particle of interrogation/emphasis))

• खलु (khalu) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly (particle of emphasis))

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done, should be accomplished (ought to be done, to be performed, duty)

• इदम् (idam) - this (task) (this, this (thing))

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - great difficulty (difficulty, distress, trouble)

• गतः (gataḥ) - fallen into (gone, arrived, fallen into)

• हि (hi) - as, indeed (indeed, because, for)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Hanuman) (I)

Words meanings and morphology

निशाचरीणाम् (niśācarīṇām) - of the female demons guarding Sītā (of the night-roamers, of the female demons, of the ogresses)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of niśācarī

niśācarī - female demon, ogress, night-prowler

Feminine of niśācara (night-prowler). Compound of niśā (night) and cara (moving, going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, one who moves/goes
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From √car + aC suffix
  Root: √car (class 1)

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - direct (in person, face-to-face) (direct, evident, perceptible, in front of the eyes)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - direct perception, visible, present before the eyes

Compound of prati (towards, against) and akṣa (eye).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in front of
  indeclinable
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies abhibhāṣaṇam.

अक्षमम् (akṣamam) - impossible (to do) (impossible, incapable, unable)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of akṣama

akṣama - unable, incapable, impossible

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'kṣama' (capable, able).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣama)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• kṣama – able, capable, fit
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Modifies abhibhāṣaṇam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अभिभाषणम् (abhibhāṣaṇam) - a conversation (with them) (speaking, conversation, address)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhibhāṣaṇa

abhibhāṣaṇa - speaking, addressing, conversation

action noun

From √bhāṣ with prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: √bhāṣ (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, now, therefore (particle of interrogation/emphasis))

(indeclinable)

particle

खलु (khalu) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly (particle of emphasis))

(indeclinable)

particle

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done, should be accomplished (ought to be done, to be performed, duty)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

gerundive

From √kṛ + tavya (gerundive suffix).

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used predicatively.

इदम् (idam) - this (task) (this, this (thing))

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this (neuter demonstrative pronoun)

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - great difficulty (difficulty, distress, trouble)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, painful, distress, trouble, misery

गतः (gataḥ) - fallen into (gone, arrived, fallen into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, attained, gone to, fallen into

past passive participle

From √gam + kta (past passive participle suffix).

Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

हि (hi) - as, indeed (indeed, because, for)

(indeclinable)

particle

अहम् (aham) - I (Hanuman) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

first person singular pronoun

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