वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-28, verse-37

भूताश्चार्था विनश्यन्ति देशकालविरोधिताः ।
विक्लवं दूतमासाद्य तमः सूर्योदये यथा ॥३७॥

37. bhūtāścārthā vinaśyanti deśakālavirodhitāḥ ,
viklavaṃ dūtamāsādya tamaḥ sūryodaye yathā.

37. bhūtāḥ ca arthāḥ vinaśyanti deśakālavirodhitāḥ
viklavam dūtam āsādya tamaḥ sūryodaye yathā

37. deśakālavirodhitāḥ bhūtāḥ arthāḥ viklavam
dūtam āsādya vinaśyanti yathā sūryodaye tamaḥ

37. Achieved objectives are ruined if they are ill-suited to the place and time (deśakāla-virodhitāḥ), just as darkness disappears at sunrise upon encountering a confused messenger.

Words meanings summery:

• भूताः (bhūtāḥ) - achieved, accomplished (having become, accomplished, existing, past)

• च (ca) - (often a mere filler in verse) (and, also)

• अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - objectives, undertakings (purposes, aims, objectives, meanings, wealth, things)

• विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - are ruined, perish (are destroyed, perish, disappear)

• देशकालविरोधिताः (deśakālavirodhitāḥ) - ill-suited to the place and time (opposed to place and time, unsuitable for time and place)

• विक्लवम् (viklavam) - confused (confused, agitated, timid, weak, bewildered)

• दूतम् (dūtam) - a messenger (messenger, envoy, ambassador)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - upon encountering (having reached, having approached, having obtained, having met)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, gloom, ignorance)

• सूर्योदये (sūryodaye) - at sunrise

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, like)

Words meanings and morphology

भूताः (bhūtāḥ) - achieved, accomplished (having become, accomplished, existing, past)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhūta

bhūta - become, been, existing, accomplished, a being

Past Passive Participle

from root bhū (to be, to become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `arthāḥ`.

च (ca) - (often a mere filler in verse) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - objectives, undertakings (purposes, aims, objectives, meanings, wealth, things)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, thing

from root ṛ (to go)

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of `vinaśyanti`.

विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - are ruined, perish (are destroyed, perish, disappear)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vinaś

from vi-naś (to be destroyed)

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

देशकालविरोधिताः (deśakālavirodhitāḥ) - ill-suited to the place and time (opposed to place and time, unsuitable for time and place)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deśakālavirodhita

deśakālavirodhita - opposed to time and place, unsuitable for circumstances

Compound of deśa, kāla, and virodhita (PPP of vi-rudh)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deśa+kāla+virodhita)

• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)
• virodhita – opposed, obstructed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from vi-rudh (to obstruct, oppose)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `arthāḥ`.

विक्लवम् (viklavam) - confused (confused, agitated, timid, weak, bewildered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viklava

viklava - agitated, confused, timid, bewildered

from vi-klav (to stammer)

Prefix: vi

Root: klav (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `dūtam`.

दूतम् (dūtam) - a messenger (messenger, envoy, ambassador)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy, ambassador

from root dū (to go)

Root: dū (class 1)

Note: Object of the implied action in `āsādya`.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - upon encountering (having reached, having approached, having obtained, having met)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

from ā-sad (to reach, obtain) with suffix -ya (after upasarga)

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, gloom, ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

Note: Subject in the simile.

सूर्योदये (sūryodaye) - at sunrise

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sūryodaya

sūryodaya - sunrise

Compound of sūrya and udaya

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sūrya+udaya)

• sūrya – sun
  noun (masculine)
• udaya – rising, rise
  noun (masculine)
  from ud-i (to rise)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates time.

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, like)

(indeclinable)