वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-28, verse-19

अवश्यमेव वक्तव्यं मानुषं वाक्यमर्थवत् ।
मया सान्त्वयितुं शक्या नान्यथेयमनिन्दिता ॥१९॥

19. avaśyameva vaktavyaṃ mānuṣaṃ vākyamarthavat ,
mayā sāntvayituṃ śakyā nānyatheyamaninditā.

19. avaśyam eva vaktavyam mānuṣam vākyam arthavat
mayā sāntvayitum śakyā na anyathā iyam aninditā

19. mayā avaśyam eva arthavat mānuṣam vākyam vaktavyam
anyathā iyam aninditā sāntvayitum na śakyā

19. I must certainly speak a meaningful, human statement. Otherwise, this blameless lady (Sita) cannot be consoled by me.

Words meanings summery:

• अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - necessarily, certainly, indeed

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding word, 'certainly' (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - ought to be spoken, should be said, fit to be spoken

• मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human (speech) (human, pertaining to humans)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement (word, speech, sentence, statement)

• अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful (meaningful, significant, substantial, wealthy)

• मया (mayā) - by me (Hanuman) (by me)

• सान्त्वयितुम् (sāntvayitum) - to console, to soothe, to comfort

• शक्या (śakyā) - cannot be consoled (implying 'is not capable of being consoled') (capable, possible, able)

• न (na) - not, no

• अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise (if not by speaking) (otherwise, in another way, differently)

• इयम् (iyam) - this lady (Sita) (this, she)

• अनिन्दिता (aninditā) - blameless (Sita) (blameless, faultless, irreproachable)

Words meanings and morphology

अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - necessarily, certainly, indeed

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding word, 'certainly' (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - ought to be spoken, should be said, fit to be spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaktavya

vaktavya - to be spoken, to be said, to be declared

Gerundive

Derived from root vac (to speak) + tavya suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter. Here, it functions as a predicate nominative.

मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human (speech) (human, pertaining to humans)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, pertaining to man, humane

Derived from manu + a suffix

Note: Agrees with vākyam. Can also be accusative singular neuter.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement (word, speech, sentence, statement)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement, declaration

Derived from vac (to speak)

Root: vac

Note: Subject of vaktavyam. Can also be accusative singular neuter.

अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful (meaningful, significant, substantial, wealthy)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of arthavat

arthavat - meaningful, significant, wealthy, having an object or purpose

Derived from artha (meaning, wealth) + vat suffix (having)

Note: Agrees with vākyam. Can also be accusative singular neuter.

मया (mayā) - by me (Hanuman) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent in passive construction.

सान्त्वयितुम् (sāntvayitum) - to console, to soothe, to comfort

(verb)

infinitive of sāntv

Infinitive

Derived from desiderative/causative of root sāntv (to appease) + tumun suffix

Root: sāntv (class 10)

Note: Expresses purpose.

शक्या (śakyā) - cannot be consoled (implying 'is not capable of being consoled') (capable, possible, able)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakya

śakya - capable, possible, practicable, fit

Gerundive

Derived from root śak (to be able) + ya suffix

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Refers to iyam aninditā.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates śakyā.

अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise (if not by speaking) (otherwise, in another way, differently)

(indeclinable)

Derived from anya (other) + thā suffix (in that manner)

इयम् (iyam) - this lady (Sita) (this, she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, she/he/it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Sita.

अनिन्दिता (aninditā) - blameless (Sita) (blameless, faultless, irreproachable)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anindita

anindita - blameless, faultless, irreproachable, unimpeachable

Past Passive Participle

na (not) + nindita (blamed); nindita from root nind (to blame) + kta suffix

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+nindita)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• nindita – blamed, reproached, censured
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root nind (to blame) + kta suffix
  Root: nind (class 1)