महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-8, verse-43

वध्यमाना चमूः सा तु पुत्राणां प्रेक्षतां तव ।
भेजे दिशो महाराज प्रणुन्ना दृढधन्विभिः ।
हाहाकारो महाञ्जज्ञे योधानां तव भारत ॥४३॥

43. vadhyamānā camūḥ sā tu putrāṇāṁ prekṣatāṁ tava ,
bheje diśo mahārāja praṇunnā dṛḍhadhanvibhiḥ ,
hāhākāro mahāñjajñe yodhānāṁ tava bhārata.

43. vadhyamānā camūḥ sā tu putrāṇām
prekṣatām tava bheje diśaḥ mahārāja
praṇunnā dṛḍhadhanvabhiḥ hāhā-kāraḥ
mahān jajñe yodhānām tava bhārata

43. tu sā camūḥ vadhyamānā tava putrāṇām
prekṣatām mahārāja dṛḍhadhanvabhiḥ
praṇunnā diśaḥ bheje mahān
hāhā-kāraḥ tava yodhānām jajñe bhārata

43. But that army, while your sons watched it being slaughtered, O great king, scattered in all directions, driven back by the strong archers. A great lamentation arose from your warriors, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• वध्यमाना (vadhyamānā) - being slaughtered (being killed, being slain, being struck down)

• चमूः (camūḥ) - army (army, host, troop)

• सा (sā) - that (that (feminine))

• तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed, on the other hand)

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of your sons (of the sons)

• प्रेक्षताम् (prekṣatām) - while watching (of those who are looking on, while looking on)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• भेजे (bheje) - scattered (resorted to directions) (it resorted to, it took to, it obtained, it fled)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters (of the sky))

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• प्रणुन्ना (praṇunnā) - driven back (driven forth, repelled, pushed away)

• दृढधन्वभिः (dṛḍhadhanvabhiḥ) - by the strong archers (by strong archers, by those with strong bows)

• हाहा-कारः (hāhā-kāraḥ) - lamentation (a cry of distress, lamentation, outcry)

• महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - arose (it was born, it arose, it was produced)

• योधानाम् (yodhānām) - from the warriors (of the warriors, of the fighters)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

वध्यमाना (vadhyamānā) - being slaughtered (being killed, being slain, being struck down)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain

Present Passive Participle

Root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix 'yamāna' (present passive participle). 'han' changes to 'vadh' in passive forms. Feminine nominative singular.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'camūḥ'.

चमूः (camūḥ) - army (army, host, troop)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - army, host, troop

Note: Subject of 'bheje'.

सा (sā) - that (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

Feminine nominative singular of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

Note: Agrees with 'camūḥ'.

तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of your sons (of the sons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Possession with 'tava', also governs 'prekṣatām'.

प्रेक्षताम् (prekṣatām) - while watching (of those who are looking on, while looking on)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prekṣat

prekṣat - looking on, observing, watching

Present Active Participle

Root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'pra' (forth) and 'śatṛ' suffix. Here in masculine genitive plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'putrāṇām' implicitly.

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Genitive singular of the second person pronoun 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Possessive, refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

भेजे (bheje) - scattered (resorted to directions) (it resorted to, it took to, it obtained, it fled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of bhaj

Perfect Middle

Root 'bhaj' (to divide, to resort to), class 1. Third person singular middle perfect.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Its subject is 'camūḥ'.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters (of the sky))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Note: Object of 'bheje'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound: mahat (great) + rājan (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

प्रणुन्ना (praṇunnā) - driven back (driven forth, repelled, pushed away)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of praṇunna

praṇunna - driven forth, repelled, pushed away

Past Passive Participle

From root 'nud' (to push, drive) with prefix 'pra' (forth, away). Root 'nud' changes to 'nunna' in past participle. Feminine nominative singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'camūḥ'.

दृढधन्वभिः (dṛḍhadhanvabhiḥ) - by the strong archers (by strong archers, by those with strong bows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dṛḍhadhanvan

dṛḍhadhanvan - one with a strong bow, strong archer

Compound: dṛḍha (strong) + dhanvan (bow, archer).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+dhanvan)

• dṛḍha – strong, firm, hard
  adjective
• dhanvan – bow, archer
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of the participle 'praṇunnā'.

हाहा-कारः (hāhā-kāraḥ) - lamentation (a cry of distress, lamentation, outcry)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hāhā-kāra

hāhā-kāra - a cry of distress, lamentation, outcry

Compound: hāhā (exclamation of distress) + kāra (making, sound).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hāhā+kāra)

• hāhā – an exclamation of sorrow or distress
  indeclinable
• kāra – making, doing, sound, utterance
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do/make) with suffix 'ghañ'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'jajñe'.

महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Masculine nominative singular of 'mahat' (t-stem adjective).

Note: Qualifies 'hāhā-kāraḥ'.

जज्ञे (jajñe) - arose (it was born, it arose, it was produced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of jan

Perfect Middle

Root 'jan' (to be born), class 4. Third person singular middle perfect.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Its subject is 'hāhā-kāraḥ'.

योधानाम् (yodhānām) - from the warriors (of the warriors, of the fighters)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter

Note: Indicates source/possession of the lamentation.

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Genitive singular of the second person pronoun 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Possessive, refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a Bhārata

Vocative singular of 'bhārata'.