महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-8, verse-42

ततो न्यवर्तत बलं तावकं भरतर्षभ ।
शरैः प्रणुन्नं बहुधा पाण्डवैर्जितकाशिभिः ॥४२॥

42. tato nyavartata balaṁ tāvakaṁ bharatarṣabha ,
śaraiḥ praṇunnaṁ bahudhā pāṇḍavairjitakāśibhiḥ.

42. tataḥ nivartata balam tāvakam bharatarṣabha
śaraiḥ praṇunnam bahudhā pāṇḍavaiḥ jitakāśibhiḥ

42. tataḥ bharatarṣabha tāvakam balam nivartata
bahudhā praṇunnam śaraiḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ jitakāśibhiḥ

42. Then, O best of the Bhāratas, your army retreated, having been greatly repelled by the arrows of the Pāṇḍavas, who shone with victory.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that, afterwards)

• निवर्तत (nivartata) - it retreated (it turned back, it retreated, it ceased)

• बलम् (balam) - army (army, strength, force)

• तावकम् (tāvakam) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's side) (your, belonging to you (plural))

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (O best of Bharatas, O bull of the Bharatas)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by the arrows (by arrows)

• प्रणुन्नम् (praṇunnam) - repelled (driven forth, repelled, pushed away)

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - greatly (in many ways, manifold, greatly, repeatedly)

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• जितकाशिभिः (jitakāśibhiḥ) - who shone with victory (shining with victory, appearing victorious)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

From the pronoun 'tad' (that) with the ablative suffix 'tas'.

निवर्तत (nivartata) - it retreated (it turned back, it retreated, it ceased)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle

Root 'vṛt' (to turn) with prefix 'ni' (down, back). Third person singular middle imperfect.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The 'a' augment is part of the imperfect tense formation.

बलम् (balam) - army (army, strength, force)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

Note: Subject of 'nivartata'.

तावकम् (tāvakam) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's side) (your, belonging to you (plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you (plural)

Derived from 'tava' (your).

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (O best of Bharatas, O bull of the Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

Compound: Bharata (proper noun) + ṛṣabha (bull, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a king, a Bhārata
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by the arrows (by arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Agent/instrument causing the repelling.

प्रणुन्नम् (praṇunnam) - repelled (driven forth, repelled, pushed away)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of praṇunna

praṇunna - driven forth, repelled, pushed away

Past Passive Participle

From root 'nud' (to push, drive) with prefix 'pra' (forth, away). Root 'nud' changes to 'nunna' in past participle.

Prefix: pra

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

बहुधा (bahudhā) - greatly (in many ways, manifold, greatly, repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

From 'bahu' (many) with suffix 'dhā' (indicating manner).

Note: Modifies 'praṇunnam'.

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

From 'Pāṇḍu' with suffix 'a' (descendant).

Note: Agent of the action 'praṇunnam'.

जितकाशिभिः (jitakāśibhiḥ) - who shone with victory (shining with victory, appearing victorious)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jitakāśin

jitakāśin - shining with victory, appearing victorious

Compound: jita (conquered/victory) + kāśin (shining).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jita+kāśin)

• jita – conquered, won, victory
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāśin – shining, radiant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'kāś' (to shine).
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavaiḥ'.